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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Highest vs lowest selenium exposure

Cancer mortality risk No. of participants: 17,448 (1 RCT) · Participants in trials with low risk of bias

Highest showed no clear difference in cancer mortality risk No. of participants: 17,448 (1 RCT) compared with lowest selenium exposure (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Highest vs lowest selenium exposure

Colorectal cancer risk (16 studies) · Participants in trials with low risk of bias

Highest showed no clear difference in colorectal cancer risk No. of participants: 19,009 (2 RCTs) compared with lowest selenium exposure (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Highest vs lowest selenium exposure

Non‐melanoma skin cancer risk No. of participants: 2027 (2 RCTs) · Participants in trials with low risk of bias

Highest showed no clear difference in non‐melanoma skin cancer risk No. of participants: 2027 (2 RCTs) compared with lowest selenium exposure (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Highest vs lowest selenium exposure

Lung cancer risk (17 studies) · Participants in trials with low risk of bias

Highest showed no clear difference in lung cancer risk No. of participants: 19,009 (2 RCTs) compared with lowest selenium exposure (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Highest vs lowest selenium exposure

Breast cancer risk (14 studies) · Participants in trials with low risk of bias

Highest showed no clear difference in breast cancer risk No. of participants: 802 (1 RCT) compared with lowest selenium exposure (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Highest vs lowest selenium exposure

Bladder cancer risk No. of participants: 19,009 (2 RCTs) · Participants in trials with low risk of bias

Highest showed no clear difference in bladder cancer risk No. of participants: 19,009 (2 RCTs) compared with lowest selenium exposure (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Highest vs lowest selenium exposure

Prostate cancer risk (13 studies) · Participants in trials with low risk of bias

Highest showed no clear difference in prostate cancer risk No. of participants: 18,942 (4 RCTs) compared with lowest selenium exposure (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Admission cardiotocography vs intermittent auscultation

Rate of caesarean section · Low risk pregnant women. All of the women were in labour.

Admission cardiotocography showed no clear difference in incidence of caesarean section compared with intermittent auscultation (low‐risk women) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Admission cardiotocography vs intermittent auscultation

Instrumental vaginal birth · Low risk pregnant women. All of the women were in labour.

Admission cardiotocography showed no clear difference in incidence of operative vaginal birth compared with intermittent auscultation (low‐risk women) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Admission cardiotocography vs intermittent auscultation

Perinatal mortality rate (fetal and neonatal deaths excluding lethal congenital anomalies) · Low risk pregnant women. All of the women were in labour.

Admission cardiotocography showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality rate (fetal and neonatal deaths excluding lethal… compared with intermittent auscultation (low‐risk women) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Admission cardiotocography vs intermittent auscultation

Incidence of continuous electronic fetal monitoring during labour · Low risk pregnant women. All of the women were in labour.

Admission cardiotocography may leads to higher incidence of continuous electronic fetal monitoring during labour compared with intermittent auscultation (low‐risk women) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Admission cardiotocography vs intermittent auscultation

Incidence and severity of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (incidence only reported) · Low risk pregnant women. All of the women were in labour.

It is very uncertain whether admission cardiotocography changes incidence and severity of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy… compared with intermittent auscultation (low‐risk women) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Admission cardiotocography vs intermittent auscultation

Neonatal seizures · Low risk pregnant women. All of the women were in labour.

Admission cardiotocography showed no clear difference in incidence of seizures in the neonatal period compared with intermittent auscultation (low‐risk women) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

Cerebral palsy · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes cerebral palsy at 18 to 22 months' corrected age compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

Normal auditory functioning at discharge · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes normal auditory functioning at discharge compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review