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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,080 questions in 109 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections
current versionsNo studies 132 · 12.2%Ungraded 90 · 8.3%Very low 169 · 15.6%Low 306 · 28.3%Moderate 287 · 26.6%High 96 · 8.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ > 2 weeks after MMR vaccination · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.97 [0.49, 1.94] | 1 study · 1018998 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series/person‐time ‐ between 1 and 2 weeks after MMR vaccination · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 3.36 [2.65, 4.24] | 5 studies · 505493 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series/person‐time ‐ > 2 weeks after MMR vaccination · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.18 [0.93, 1.5] | 3 studies · 102099 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series/person‐time ‐ between 1 and 2 weeks after vaccination; MMRV · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 6.08 [4.95, 7.47] | 2 studies · 180480 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series/person‐time ‐ between 1 and 2 weeks after MMR+V vaccination · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 3.13 [2.38, 4.1] | 1 study · 181088 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies postexposure prophylaxis · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.14, 0.5] | 2 studies · 283 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMRV vs MMR+V ‐ by brand ‐ from 0 to 42 days after vaccination (Priorix‐Tetra) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [0.85, 4.48] | 1 study · 115022 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMRV vs MMR+V ‐ by brand ‐ from 7 to 10 days after vaccination (Priorix‐Tetra) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [0.93, 3.07] | 1 study · 114922 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMRV vs MMR+V ‐ by brand ‐ from 0 to 42 days after vaccination (ProQuad) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [1.17, 1.44] | 4 studies · 1381609 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMRV vs MMR+V ‐ by brand ‐ from 7 to 10 days after vaccination (ProQuad) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.01 [1.7, 2.38] | 4 studies · 1381609 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMRV vs MMR ‐ by brand ‐ from 0 to 42 days after vaccination (Priorix‐Tetra) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1, 1.64] | 2 studies · 292535 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMRV vs MMR ‐ by brand ‐ from 7 to 10 days after vaccination (Priorix‐Tetra) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.49 [1.66, 3.74] | 2 studies · 292535 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMRV vs MMR ‐ by brand ‐ from 0 to 42 days after vaccination (ProQuad) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.42, 1.82] | 3 studies · 1049831 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMRV vs MMR ‐ by brand ‐ from 7 to 10 days after vaccination (ProQuad) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [1.32, 1.61] | 4 studies · 1989157 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ all children, MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.93 [0.85, 1.01] | 2 studies · 1194764 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ autism risk (low), MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1 [0.89, 1.14] | 1 study · 93071 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ Jeryl Lynn strain ‐ 1 dose · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.08, 0.76] | 6 studies · 9915 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ autism risk (moderate/high), MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.8 [0.64, 0.98] | 1 study · 1914 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case control ‐ all IBD, MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.42 [0.93, 2.16] | 3 studies · 409 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Case control ‐ ulcerative colitis, MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.35 [0.81, 2.23] | 2 studies · 292 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Case control ‐ Crohn's disease, MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.64 [0.42, 0.98] | 3 studies · 514 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cohort study ‐ MDI‐BSID II 24th month, MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.35 [0.15, 12.07] | 1 study · 337 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study ‐ MDI‐BSID II 36th month, MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.03, 4.28] | 1 study · 337 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study ‐ Raven 5th year, MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.22 [0.23, 6.51] | 1 study · 337 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study ‐ WISC‐R verbal 6th year, MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.23 [0.09, 16.92] | 1 study · 337 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐control ‐ case cross‐over ‐ case controls MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.8 [1.5, 5.23] | 2 studies · 410 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series ‐ MMR vaccine ‐ age from 9 to 23 months · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 4.21 [2.28, 7.78] | 5 studies · 3723677 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ Jeryl Lynn strain ‐ 2 doses · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.12 [0.04, 0.35] | 5 studies · 7792 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Case‐control ‐ MMR vaccine · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 3.4 [1.18, 9.81] | 1 study · 288 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study MMR ‐ all children · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.09 [0.98, 1.21] | 2 studies · 1666829 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study MMR ‐ children with at least 1 sibling with type 1 diabetes · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.86 [0.34, 2.16] | 1 study · 3848 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study (rate ratio) ‐ all ages · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.05 [0.8, 1.39] | 3 studies · 1067712 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies (risk ratio) ‐ all ages · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.24, 1.63] | 3 studies · 886 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study (rate ratio) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 3.5 [2.38, 5.15] | 1 study · 14353 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cohort study (risk ratio) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.29, 1.94] | 1 study · 555 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study ‐ rhinoconjunctivitis · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.64 [0.19, 2.11] | 1 study · 489 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort study ‐ hypersensitivity/allergy · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.14, 2.77] | 1 study · 544 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case control ‐ hay fever · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [0.92, 1.45] | 0 studies · 2 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ Jeryl Lynn strain ‐ unspecified number of doses · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.14, 0.35] | 4 studies · 2011 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐control ‐ acute leukaemia · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.76, 1.24] | 2 studies · 941 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐control ‐ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.72, 1.14] | 4 studies · 1375 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐control ‐ acute myeloblastic leukaemia · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.56 [0.29, 1.07] | 1 study · 62 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐control ‐ multiple sclerosis · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.13 [0.62, 2.05] | 1 study · 206 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐control ‐ ADEM · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.44, 2.42] | 1 study · 272 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series (hospitalisations) ‐ hospitalisations ‐ risk period: 0 to 60 days · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.46 [0.16, 1.34] | 1 study · 127 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series (GP visits) ‐ GP visit ‐ risk period: 0 to 5 days · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.88 [1.3, 2.72] | 1 study · 1398 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series (GP visits) ‐ GP visit ‐ risk period: 6 to 60 days · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.93 [0.78, 1.11] | 1 study · 1398 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series ‐ lobar pneumonia ‐ lobar pneumonia risk period (0 to 90 days) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.75 [0.64, 0.89] | 2 studies · 2412 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series ‐ invasive bacterial infections ‐ invasive bacterial infections risk period (0 to 90 days) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.9 [0.71, 1.13] | 2 studies · 2412 participants | Low |
Heliox vs oxygen 30% Change in croup score at 20 minutes · children with croup Heliox for croup in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Low |