Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,678 questions · 4,859 findings · 283 reviews

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No studies found 1,225 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 215 · 4.4%Very low 1,241 · 25.5%Low 1,210 · 24.9%Moderate 776 · 16%High 192 · 4%

Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV

Exercise capacity · adults and children with CF

1 finding from 1 review

Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV

Well being: QWB scale · adults and children with CF

1 finding from 1 review

Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV

LCI · adults and children with CF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV

Adverse events · adults and children with CF

1 finding from 1 review

Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 66 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · adults and children with CF

1 finding from 1 review

Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 217 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP

Number of respiratory exacerbations: requiring either IV antibiotics or hospitalisation · adults and children with CF

1 finding from 1 review

Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 112 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Death (all causes) · people with CKD

Summary of findings: Iron showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with placebo/usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.06, 4.65]
2 studies · 239 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Cardiovascular mortality · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Hypercalcaemia · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Nausea · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Iron changes nausea compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.3, 3.27]
1 study · 149 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Vomiting · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Constipation · people with CKD

Summary of findings: Iron probably leads to higher constipation compared with placebo/usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.66 [1.15, 6.12]
3 studies · 422 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Serum phosphate level · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 422 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Coronary artery calcification score · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings. Home vs hospital‐clinic removal of casts

Physical function · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 233 participants
Low

Summary of findings. Home vs hospital‐clinic removal of casts

Treatment failure (change in treatment) (6 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Home changes treatment failure (change in treatment) (6 weeks compared with hospital‐clinic removal of casts (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.16 [0.5, 19.93]
2 studies · 397 participants
Very low

Summary of findings. Home vs hospital‐clinic removal of casts

Serious adverse events (6 months · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 288 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings. Home vs hospital‐clinic removal of casts

Return to normal activities (days) · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings. Home vs hospital‐clinic removal of casts

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 233 participants
Low

Summary of findings. Home vs hospital‐clinic removal of casts

Minor complications (3 to 6 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 80 participants
GRADE not reported