Salivary caries-associated bacteria (S. mutans and Lactobacilli, subjects with >10^5 CFU/mL) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
Both included studies reported higher salivary caries-associated bacteria (S. mutans and Lactobacilli) with fixed appliances than clear aligners; not meta-analyzed (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of pain · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Levamisole (150 mg per day) showed no clear difference in decrease in pain compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.29 [0.67, 27.24]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Average mouth pain during RAS episodes · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Daily multivitamin showed no clear difference in average mouth pain during RAS episodes compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD -0.05 [-0.71, 0.61]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Decrease in frequency of attacks · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Levamisole (150 mg per day) showed no clear difference in decrease in frequency of attacks compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.29 [0.72, 25.39]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
Patients receiving levamisole reported more adverse effects than those receiving placebo (mild stomach upset/nausea, diarrhoea, sleeplessness, dysgeusia/dysosmia), however no adverse effects were reported as requiring…
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Total effective rate at 4 days · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Rofecoxib (oral, 50 mg on first day then 25 to 50 mg per day for 4… showed no clear difference in total effective rate at 4 days compared with tinidazole (1 g per day for 3 days); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
Patients in the propolis group self-reported a significant improvement in their quality of life (P=0.03), based on volunteered statements of self-reported improvement.
1 study · 19 participants
GRADE not reported
Effectiveness · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
Mean VAS pain per day · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (20 mg twice daily for 90 days) showed no clear difference in mean VAS pain per day compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
Days to resolution of pain / epithelialization; number of aphthae per month · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
Average duration of RAS episode (days) · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) led to lower average duration of RAS episode (days) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Total number of new ulcers over 90 days · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (20 mg twice daily for 90 days) led to lower total number of new ulcers over 90 days compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain score · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Vitamin B12 (sublingual, 1000 mcg daily for 6 months) led to lower pain score compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Decrease in duration of attacks · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Levamisole (150 mg per day) showed no clear difference in decrease in duration of attacks compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.29 [0.67, 27.24]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Complete remission, pain intensity, patient and physician evaluation · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
One trial at high risk of bias (de Abreu 2009) compared clofazimine (n=23) with colchicine (n=23). The number with no further aphthous episodes at 6 months was significantly greater in the clofazimine group than the…
1 study · 46 participants
GRADE not reported
Mean number of lesions over treatment period · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Bee propolis (one 500 mg capsule per day) showed no clear difference in mean number of lesions over treatment period compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review