Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

288 questions · 349 findings · 41 reviews · Dental caries

No studies found 43 · 12.3%GRADE not reported 207 · 59.3%Very low 42 · 12%Low 32 · 9.2%Moderate 22 · 6.3%High 3 · 0.9%

Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo

Caries increment in permanent teeth · Children or adolescents

The NMR reported a difference between fluoride in gel and placebo at randomisation years 1954 to 1980; no GRADE assessment was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride in rinse vs placebo

Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children or adolescents

In the illustrative network meta-regression the SMD for caries increment differed between fluoride in rinse and placebo at randomization years 1954 to 1990; certainty was not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo

Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children or adolescents

In the illustrative network meta-regression the SMD for caries increment differed between fluoride in gel and placebo at randomization years 1954 to 1980; certainty was not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride varnish vs placebo

Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children or adolescents

In the illustrative network meta-regression the SMD for caries increment showed a treatment-by-year interaction and differed between fluoride in varnish and placebo at randomization years 1954 to 1980; certainty was not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

Filled primary surfaces at 3 years · Pregnant women (for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children)

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) showed no clear difference in filled primary surfaces at 5 years compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

Caries presence in primary teeth · Pregnant women (for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children)

It is very uncertain whether fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) changes children with caries in the primary teeth at 3 years compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

Fluorosis (maxillary teeth) at 5 years · Pregnant women (for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children)

It is very uncertain whether fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) changes fluorosis (maxillary teeth) at 5 years compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

Caries in primary teeth: dmft (3 years) · Pregnant women (for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

Fluorosis (mandibular teeth) at 5 years · Pregnant women (for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children)

It is very uncertain whether fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) changes fluorosis (mandibular teeth) at 5 years compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

Decayed primary surfaces at 3 years · Pregnant women (for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children)

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) showed no clear difference in decayed primary surfaces at 3 years compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

Decayed or filled primary tooth surfaces at 3 years · Pregnant women (for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children)

It is very uncertain whether fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) changes decayed or filled primary tooth surfaces at 3 years compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review