Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

194 questions · 194 findings · 10 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 87 · 44.8%GRADE not reported 25 · 12.9%Very low 26 · 13.4%Low 30 · 15.5%Moderate 24 · 12.4%High 2 · 1%

PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women cured · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to electrical stimulation changes number of women cured compared with electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to vaginal cones vs vaginal cones alone

Objective measure of urine leakage (pad test) · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to vaginal cones changes objective measure of urine leakage (pad test) compared with vaginal cones alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review