Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,801 questions · 4,079 findings · 473 reviews

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No studies found 669 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 852 · 20.9%Very low 738 · 18.1%Low 903 · 22.1%Moderate 716 · 17.6%High 201 · 4.9%

Group 3 Pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

PAP · people with pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 61 participants
Moderate

Group 3 Pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Cardiac index · people with pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Low

Group 3 Pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

PVR · people with pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Low

Group 3 Pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

RAP · people with pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Low

Partial pulpotomy with permanent restoration after 7-14 days vs No comparator

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure

Permanent restoration after 7-14 days was associated with a pooled success rate of 73.6%.

1 finding from 1 review

Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomes
Permanent restoration after 7-14 days
Success rate (%) 73.6 [66.5, 80.7]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Improvement in WHO functional class · people with pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i probably leads to lower improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.53 [0.32, 0.87]
3 studies · 285 participants
Moderate

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Six‐minute walk distance · people with pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 284 participants
Moderate

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · people with pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.27 [0.28, 5.8]
3 studies · 286 participants
Moderate

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Quality of life · people with pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

PAP · people with pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 130 participants
Moderate

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Cardiac index · people with pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 96 participants
Moderate

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Outcomes · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

HRQoL: CRQ total score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 258 participants
Low

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Six‐minute walk distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 639 participants
Low

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in hospital admission (all‐cause): number of people admitted to hospital compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.71 [0.14, 3.69]
2 studies · 142 participants
Low
Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 332 participants
GRADE not reported

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in exacerbation: number of people experiencing one or more exacerbation compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.73 [0.26, 2.02]
3 studies · 281 participants
Low

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Exacerbations · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 342 participants
GRADE not reported

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.73 [0.36, 1.51]
6 studies · 755 participants
Moderate

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation compared to usual care for chronic obstructive… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
24 participants
GRADE not reported

Partial pulpotomy with permanent restoration after more than 14 days vs No comparator

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure

Permanent restoration after more than 14 days was associated with a pooled success rate of 23.2%.

1 finding from 1 review

Partial pulpotomy for carious pulp exposure in adult mature permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomes
Permanent restoration after more than 14 days
Success rate (%) 23.2 [13.4, 33.0]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported