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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

236 questions · 243 findings · 22 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 35 · 14.4%GRADE not reported 9 · 3.7%Very low 50 · 20.6%Low 71 · 29.2%Moderate 65 · 26.7%High 13 · 5.3%

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Event‐free survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in event‐free survival compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Hypersensitivity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in hypersensitivity compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Pancreatitis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in pancreatitis compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Thromboembolism · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in thromboembolism compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Osteonecrosis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in osteonecrosis compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV)

Asparaginase‐associated toxicity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL

Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) showed no clear difference in asparaginase‐associated toxicity compared with PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention leads to lower natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 59 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Daclizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 621 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention probably leads to lower daclizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 621 participants) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Fingolimod No direct evidence · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention probably leads to lower fingolimod No direct evidence (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Glatiramer acetate (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1454 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower glatiramer acetate (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1454 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Alemtuzumab No direct evidence · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

The intervention probably leads to lower alemtuzumab No direct evidence (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 54 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes azathioprine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 54 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cladribine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1326 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

The intervention showed no clear difference in cladribine (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1326 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Daclizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 600 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate,…

The intervention probably leads to higher daclizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 600 participants) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review