Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

644 questions · 665 findings · 65 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 168 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 23 · 3.5%Very low 251 · 37.7%Low 148 · 22.3%Moderate 70 · 10.5%High 5 · 0.8%

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Parental or family quality of life, including measures of parental stress, anxiety or depression · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Parental satisfaction · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

Adverse effects to dietary modifications · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Spoken communication Measured by: Mullen Scale of Early Learning: Expressive Language Index (MSEL: log (base 2) transformed age equivalent scores) · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Non‐verbal communication/AAC · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Combined spoken and non‐verbal communication/AAC · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Adverse events · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Social communication and pragmatic language skills · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Other communication skills · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Quality of life for the individual or their family and parent satisfaction · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Non‐core aspects of behaviour and function · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

CI: Confidence interval · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

Mean length of utterance (MLU) · second language (L2) learners up to six years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

L2 listening comprehension · second language (L2) learners up to six years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 294 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

L2 narrative skills · second language (L2) learners up to six years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 487 participants
Moderate

Psychosocial interventions vs inactive control

PTSD symptoms, post‐treatment (self‐reported or clinician‐rated) · survivors of sexual violence and abuse

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 1130 participants
Low

Psychosocial interventions vs inactive control

Depressive symptoms · survivors of sexual violence and abuse

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 901 participants
Low

Psychosocial interventions vs inactive control

Dropout from treatment (a count of participants not meeting study‐defined completion threshold) · survivors of sexual violence and abuse

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions showed no clear difference in dropout from treatment (a count of participants not meeting… compared with inactive control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.51, 1.44]
5 studies · 242 participants
Low

Psychosocial interventions vs inactive control

Adverse events (a count of reported harms or adverse events/experiences over life of study/ · survivors of sexual violence and abuse

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions changes adverse events (a count of reported harms or adverse… compared with inactive control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.92 [0.3, 12.41]
6 studies · 622 participants
Very low

Physical activity plus healthy lifestyle education interventions vs standard practice

School achievement: Reading · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 284 participants
Low