Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

427 questions · 437 findings · 29 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 77 · 17.6%GRADE not reported 61 · 14%Very low 130 · 29.7%Low 103 · 23.6%Moderate 54 · 12.4%High 12 · 2.7%

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to lower adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ vs haloperidol ‐… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs haloperidol + promethazineNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines showed no clear difference in global state: need for additional medication ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Global state: no improvement ‐ vs haloperidol ‐ medium term As defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines showed no clear difference in global state: no improvement ‐ vs haloperidol ‐ medium term As… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Global state: no improvement ‐ vs olanzapine ‐ medium term As defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes global state: no improvement ‐ vs olanzapine ‐ medium term As… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review