Chorioamnionitis · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in chorioamnionitis (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 3.06 [0.13, 74.21]
Studies not reported
Low
Neonatal infection · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in neonatal infection (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4.08 [0.46, 35.87]
Studies not reported
Low
Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.04 [0.63, 6.56]
Studies not reported
Low
Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Spontaneous vaginal birth · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Chorioamnionitis · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Neonatal infection · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal pain (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women, multiparous, in labour at term
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Positive birth experience (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · pregnant women in labour at term
It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.03 [0.63, 1.68]
Studies not reported
Very low
Respiratory distress syndrome · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy
Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) showed no clear difference in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Transient tachypnoea of the neonate (TTN) · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy
Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) showed no clear difference in transient tachypnoea of the neonate (TTN) compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal special care (all levels) for respiratory morbidity · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy
Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) probably leads to lower admission to neonatal special care (all levels) for respiratory… compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for mechanical ventilation · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) changes need for mechanical ventilation compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal hypoglycaemia · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Severe maternal morbidity and mortality index · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal development of postpartum infection/pyrexia in the first 72 hours · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Spontaneous onset of labour · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).
Amniotic membranes sweeping may leads to higher spontaneous onset of labour compared with no treatment/sham (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review