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It is very uncertain whether jaw opening exercises alone changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with ultrasound plus jaw opening exercises (very low certainty).
Occlusal splint led to lower participant satisfaction or quality of life compared with physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training,…; GRADE not reported.
Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in participant satisfaction or quality of life compared with acupuncture; GRADE not reported.
It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes muscle pain when chewing compared with physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training,… (very low certainty).
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) showed no clear difference in difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.
It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes joint pain at rest compared with physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training,… (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether intralesional triamcinolone changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with intralesional triamcinolone plus salvianolic acid B (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether intralesional dexamethasone injections changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with placebo injections (very low certainty).
Oxitard (antioxidant) led to lower difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) compared with aloe vera gel; GRADE not reported.
It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes frequency of joint noise compared with no treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo… (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with placebo or no active treatment (very low certainty).
Hospital‐only intervention leads to higher pharmacotherapy + behavioural support vs neither compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (high certainty).
It is very uncertain whether telephone quitline referral changes quitline referral vs control compared with no treatment or usual care (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether telephone quitline referral changes health system telephone counselling vs quitline compared with no treatment or usual care (very low certainty).
Pharmacotherapy plus counselling leads to higher quit at longest compared with no pharmacotherapy or placebo plus counselling (high certainty).
It is very uncertain whether hospital‐only intervention changes behavioural support ‐ asynchronous** compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (very low certainty).