Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,703 questions · 3,824 findings · 858 reviews

No studies found 573 · 15%GRADE not reported 383 · 10%Very low 993 · 26%Low 1,062 · 27.8%Moderate 614 · 16.1%High 199 · 5.2%

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Clinical worsening: need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death at up to day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in worsening of clinical status: participants with clinical… compared with placebo or standard of care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Clinical improvement: discharged alive ( · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in improvement of clinical status: participants discharged alive at day… compared with placebo or standard of care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality at day 28 · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at day 28 compared with placebo or standard of care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Admission to hospital or death within 28 days · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in admission to hospital or death within 28 days compared with placebo or standard of care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Copper nickel-titanium archwire vs Nickel-titanium archwire

Time to alignment · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Copper nickel-titanium archwire showed no clear difference in time to alignment (days) compared with nickel-titanium archwire; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Fever · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes fever (6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intralesional betamethasone vs intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide

Clinical score (14 days) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether intralesional betamethasone changes clinical score (14 days) compared with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review