Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,703 questions · 3,824 findings · 858 reviews

No studies found 573 · 15%GRADE not reported 383 · 10%Very low 993 · 26%Low 1,062 · 27.8%Moderate 614 · 16.1%High 199 · 5.2%

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality at day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at day 28 compared with placebo or standard of care alone (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Resolution of symptoms · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in all initial symptoms resolved (asymptomatic) at day 14 compared with placebo or standard of care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Clinical worsening: need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death at up to day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in worsening of clinical status: participants with clinical… compared with placebo or standard of care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Clinical improvement: discharged alive ( · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in improvement of clinical status: participants discharged alive at day… compared with placebo or standard of care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality at day 28 · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at day 28 compared with placebo or standard of care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Admission to hospital or death within 28 days · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in admission to hospital or death within 28 days compared with placebo or standard of care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Copper nickel-titanium archwire vs Nickel-titanium archwire

Time to alignment · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Copper nickel-titanium archwire showed no clear difference in time to alignment (days) compared with nickel-titanium archwire; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Fever · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes fever (6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intralesional betamethasone vs intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide

Clinical score (14 days) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether intralesional betamethasone changes clinical score (14 days) compared with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review