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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,327 questions · 2,494 findings · 87 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 450 · 18%GRADE not reported 1,487 · 59.6%Very low 385 · 15.4%Low 121 · 4.9%Moderate 50 · 2%High 1 · 0%

Bowman-Birk inhibitor vs placebo or no treatment

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct)

Quality of life or patient satisfaction · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) led to lower quality of life or patient satisfaction compared with no chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal extracts (tea components; Chinese herbal mixture; freeze-dried black raspberry gel) vs placebo or no treatment

Improvement of histological features (not improved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    3 months
    SoF 4, Histological changes (not improved) at 3 months: '2 studies (green tea extract capsules and freeze-dried raspberry gel) did not find evidence of benefit.' No GRADE. Effects text: Mallery raspberry RR 0.97…
    2 studies
    GRADE not reported

Surgical removal of the lesion (surgical excision, laser surgery, cryotherapy) vs Placebo or no treatment

Outcome not reported · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    'We did not identify any RCTs that compared surgical treatments with placebo or no treatment.' Three surgical RCTs were found (Chee 2013, Lopez-Jornet 2013, Schwarz 2005) but all excluded because they did not include a…
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

Mortality rate and cause of death · People of any age and either sex, in any setting, with BRONJ; bisphosphonate exposure past or current; includes people with cancer and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal extracts (tea components; Chinese herbal mixture; freeze-dried black raspberry gel) vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    up to 3 months
    SoF 4, Safety of the intervention up to 3 months: '3 studies measured adverse effects: green tea extract capsules caused high frequency (93%) of adverse effects of varying severity in 1 study; the mixed tea study did…
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Removal of predisposing habits (e.g. tobacco/alcohol cessation) vs Placebo or no treatment

Outcome not reported · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct)

Dose/intensity and frequency of pain relief needed (analgesic/rescue medication use) · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment
1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 to 12 months
    SoF 1, Safety of the intervention at 4 to 12 months: '3 studies (1 each evaluating topical acitretin, topical 13-cis-retinoic acid, 200,000 IU per week of vitamin A) found no adverse effects. Systemic 13-cis-retinoic…
    4 studies
    GRADE not reported

Bowman-Birk inhibitor vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    up to 6 months
    SoF 6, Safety of the intervention up to 6 months: 'Trial authors reported that there were no significant adverse effects. 33 participants in the intervention group reported 75 adverse effects. 25 participants in the…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

Healing of osteonecrosis - improvement ('healed' or 'improved' vs 'unchanged' or 'worse') · People of any age and either sex, in any setting, with BRONJ; bisphosphonate exposure past or current; includes people with cancer and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic beta carotene or carotenoids (incl. lycopene) vs placebo or no treatment

Clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    5 to 12 months
    SoF 2, Clinical resolution (not completely resolved) at 5 to 12 months: 'The 3 studies could not be combined in meta-analysis. 2 found benefit for systemic beta carotene, and 1 did not.' No GRADE rating. Effects text…
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell wall preparation) plus standard therapy vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

Adverse effects · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx

Non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell… showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with standard therapy alone; GRADE not reported.

9 findings from 1 review
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib, gefitinib or lapatinib) plus standard therapy (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

Adverse effects · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib, gefitinib or lapatinib) plus… led to higher adverse effects compared with standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy); GRADE not reported.

9 findings from 1 review
Show 6 more findings

Orthodontic appliances (palatal crib) vs no treatment

Occlusion (change in maxillary arch length, short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review

EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or nimotuzumab) plus standard therapy (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

Adverse effects · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
10 findings from 1 review
Show 7 more findings