Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Low birthweight · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐infant outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Participants with at least some Side Effects · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… changes side effects (any reported throughout intervention period) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Birthweight (g) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… showed no clear difference in birthweight (g) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐infant outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Neonatal mortality · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… changes neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐infant outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… changes maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks'… compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Maternal iron‐deficiency anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L and at least 1 additional laboratory indicators at 37 weeks' gestation or more) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… changes maternal iron‐deficiency anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L and… compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bishop score vs transvaginal ultrasound

Neonatal admission to NICU · women with singleton cephalic fetuses undergoing assessment for pre‐induction cervical ripening.

Bishop score showed no clear difference in neonatal admission to NICU compared with transvaginal ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bishop score vs transvaginal ultrasound

Need of misoprostol for cervical ripening · women with singleton cephalic fetuses undergoing assessment for pre‐induction cervical ripening.

Bishop score probably leads to lower need of misoprostol for cervical ripening compared with transvaginal ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bishop score vs transvaginal ultrasound

Meconium staining of amniotic fluid · women with singleton cephalic fetuses undergoing assessment for pre‐induction cervical ripening.

Bishop score showed no clear difference in meconium staining of amniotic fluid compared with transvaginal ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bishop score vs transvaginal ultrasound

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women with singleton cephalic fetuses undergoing assessment for pre‐induction cervical ripening.

Bishop score showed no clear difference in apgar score at 5 minutes less than 7 compared with transvaginal ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bishop score vs transvaginal ultrasound

Fetal heart rate abnormality in labour · women with singleton cephalic fetuses undergoing assessment for pre‐induction cervical ripening.

Bishop score showed no clear difference in fetal heart rate abnormality in labour compared with transvaginal ultrasound; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Maternal iron deficiency at term or near term (as defined by authors of the trials, based on any indicator of iron status at 34 weeks' gestation or more) · women during pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review