Gastrointestinal adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal adverse events compared with no topical prophylaxis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Allergic adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
It is very uncertain whether topical prophylaxis changes allergic adverse events compared with no topical prophylaxis (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Respiratory infections · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
Topical plus systemic prophylaxis probably leads to lower respiratory tract infections compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dropouts due to adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
Topical plus systemic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gastrointestinal adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
Topical plus systemic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Allergic adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
Topical plus systemic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in allergic adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall mortality · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with no topical prophylaxis (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall mortality ‐ topical plus systemic prophylaxis versus systemic prophylaxis alone · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in overall mortality ‐ topical plus systemic prophylaxis versus… compared with no topical prophylaxis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall mortality ‐ topical prophylaxis versus placebo or no treatment · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours
Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in overall mortality ‐ topical prophylaxis versus placebo or no treatment compared with no topical prophylaxis (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of S pneumoniae infection Isolated bacterial infection · children with SCD
Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis may leads to lower incidence of S pneumoniae infection Isolated bacterial infection compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Compliance with treatment · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Deaths · children with SCD
Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in deaths compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · children with SCD
1 finding from 1 review
Compliance with treatment · children with SCD
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection compared with continuation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Deaths · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea and vomiting · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in adverse effects: incidences of nausea and vomiting compared with continuation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
B2: Maternal sepsis – an all women · women undergoing caesarean section
It is very uncertain whether antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) changes maternal sepsis compared with broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Endometritis · women undergoing caesarean section
Antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) showed no clear difference in maternal endometritis compared with broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Infant sepsis · women undergoing caesarean section
1 finding from 1 review