Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,922 questions · 3,118 findings · 513 reviews

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No studies found 574 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 372 · 11.9%Very low 723 · 23.2%Low 854 · 27.4%Moderate 489 · 15.7%High 106 · 3.4%

Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs parenteral nutrition

Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [days] (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution

Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [days] (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Parenteral nutrition with omega‐3 fish oil vs parenteral nutrition

Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [days] (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Yoga vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg dyspnoea score at end of 6‐minute walk test Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower pain intensity (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (more than 3 months)
SMD -0.34 [-0.50, -0.18]
7 studies · 658 participants
GRADE not reported

Hypnosis vs relaxation

Reduction in pain intensity · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Hypnosis led to lower pain intensity (short term) compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term
MD -1.84 [-3.26, -0.42]
2 studies · 81 participants
GRADE not reported

Habit reversal vs waiting list control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Habit reversal led to lower pain intensity (short term / post-treatment) compared with waiting list control; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (post-treatment)
SMD -1.31 [-1.97, -0.65]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs Attention placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)

Cognitive (behavioural) therapy led to lower burning mouth pain intensity (6-month follow-up) compared with attention placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (6-month follow-up)
SMD -2.79 [-3.83, -1.75]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs Attention placebo

Burning mouth pain intensity (post-treatment) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)

Cognitive (behavioural) therapy led to lower burning mouth pain intensity (post-treatment) compared with attention placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (post-treatment)
SMD -2.40 [-3.40, -1.40]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Reduction in pain intensity · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to higher pain intensity (short term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (3 months or less) · Combination CBT/biofeedback
SMD 0.46 [0.02, 0.90]
2 studies · 90 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral propranolol vs placebo

Reduction in pain intensity · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral propranolol (beta-blocker) led to lower reduction in pain intensity (percentage of patients responding) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 week per period (cross-over)
Tchivileva et al 2010: a significantly greater percentage of patients (67.5% versus 32.5%) experienced reduction in pain intensity rating during the propranolol treatment period than the placebo treatment period (P =…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 week per period (cross-over)
Tchivileva et al 2010: Reduction in pain intensity rating (primary outcome) comparing propranolol treatment to placebo treatment did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.104); pairwise differences between…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 74 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity various scales long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 330 participants
Moderate
Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 319 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 146 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

Pain: intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 137 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

Pain intensity, long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 136 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 59 participants
Low
Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 405 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone

Pain: intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 45 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 64 participants
Low