What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings: Endorectal balloon vs no intervention

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Endorectal balloon changes diarrhoea (grade 2+) compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.37, 1.35]
  1 study · 43 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Endorectal balloon vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (grade 2+) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.45, 1.38]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in QOL scores (IBDQ) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 4.6
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low
• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 119 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 2.4
  1 study · 76 participants
  Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (grade 1+) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.45, 1.23]
  1 study · 119 participants
  Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in mean GI symptom scores (Vaizey scale) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture vs sham

• Acupuncture for epilepsy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 34 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture vs sham

• Acupuncture for epilepsy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 22 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture vs sham

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to lack of efficacy ( compared with sham acupuncture (low certainty).

• Acupuncture for epilepsy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.25, 7]
  1 study · 34 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture vs sham

• Acupuncture for epilepsy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 120 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture vs phenytoin

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture showed no clear difference in 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency ( compared with phenytoin (low certainty).

• Acupuncture for epilepsy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.43 [0.46, 4.44]
  2 studies · 150 participants
  Low