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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,080 questions in 109 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections
current versionsNo studies 132 · 12.2%Ungraded 90 · 8.3%Very low 169 · 15.6%Low 306 · 28.3%Moderate 287 · 26.6%High 96 · 8.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series ‐ varicella zoster ‐ varicella zoster risk period (0 to 90 days) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.93 [0.68, 1.27] | 1 study · 2025 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series ‐ miscellaneous viral infections ‐ miscellaneous viral infections risk period (0 to 90 days) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.68 [0.43, 1.08] | 1 study · 2025 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ Urabe strain ‐ unspecified numbers or at least 1 dose · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.12, 0.44] | 4 studies · 2721 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ Rubini strain ‐ unspecified numbers or at least 1 dose · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.55, 1.65] | 4 studies · 4219 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ mumps strain not reported or any strain · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.29, 0.94] | 2 studies · 769 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ third dose versus 2 doses · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.33, 1.05] | 2 studies · 5417 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies secondary cases ‐ any strain · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.03, 0.42] | 1 study · 1621 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR MMRV randomised controlled trial ‐ any severity ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.05 [0.03, 0.08] | 1 study · 3022 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMRV randomised controlled trial ‐ any severity ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.05 [0.04, 0.06] | 1 study · 3023 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMRV randomised controlled trial ‐ any severity ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.05 [0.04, 0.06] | 1 study · 3023 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMRV randomised controlled trial ‐ moderate/severe cases ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0 [0, 0.02] | 1 study · 3022 participants | High |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ 2 doses · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.04 [0.01, 0.28] | 5 studies · 21604 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR MMRV randomised controlled trial ‐ moderate/severe cases ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.01 [0, 0.02] | 1 study · 3023 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMRV randomised controlled trial ‐ moderate/severe cases ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.01 [0, 0.02] | 1 study · 3023 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMR+V randomised controlled trial ‐ any severity ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.35 [0.28, 0.43] | 1 study · 3006 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMR+V randomised controlled trial ‐ any severity ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.33 [0.29, 0.38] | 1 study · 3010 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMR+V randomised controlled trial ‐ any severity ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.33 [0.29, 0.38] | 1 study · 3010 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMR+V randomised controlled trial ‐ moderate/severe cases ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.09 [0.06, 0.14] | 1 study · 3006 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMR+V randomised controlled trial ‐ moderate/severe cases ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.1 [0.07, 0.13] | 1 study · 3010 participants | High |
Intervention NR MMR+V randomised controlled trial ‐ moderate/severe cases ‐ 2 doses ‐ · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.1 [0.08, 0.14] | 1 study · 3010 participants | High |
Intervention NR Temperature ‐ RCT/CCT axillary · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [1.09, 3.83] | 1 study · 420 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Temperature ‐ RCT/CCT rectal · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.67, 1.06] | 1 study · 170 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies household contacts ‐ 1 dose · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.04, 0.89] | 3 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Temperature ‐ RCT/CCT measurement site not reported · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.83, 2.23] | 2 studies · 520 participants | High |
Intervention NR Temperature ‐ cohort studies orally · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [1.04, 1.81] | 1 study · 334 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Temperature ‐ cohort studies measurement site not reported · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.84, 1.49] | 4 studies · 457123 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Rash ‐ cohort studies · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.49 [0.73, 3.04] | 3 studies · 457261 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Lymphadenopathy ‐ RCT/CCT · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.52, 3.33] | 3 studies · 1156 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Lymphadenopathy ‐ cohort studies · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.98 [0.19, 20.97] | 2 studies · 454085 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Coryza ‐ RCT/CCT · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.12, 1.63] | 2 studies · 831 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Coryza ‐ cohort studies · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [1.05, 1.2] | 1 study · 3176 participants | Low |
Intervention NR URTI (rhinitis pharyngitis) ‐ RCT/CCT · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.06, 1.56] | 2 studies · 831 participants | Low |
Intervention NR URTI (rhinitis pharyngitis) ‐ cohort studies · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [1.26, 1.64] | 1 study · 966 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies household contacts ‐ 2 doses · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.03, 0.75] | 3 studies · 378 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cough ‐ RCT/CCT · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.99 [0.45, 8.81] | 2 studies · 831 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Rash ‐ RCT/CCT · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.05 [1.21, 3.48] | 4 studies · 1156 participants | High |
Intervention NR Case‐control: MMR (risk interval from 0 to 90 days) · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.64, 1.5] | 1 study · 452 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series/person‐time cohort · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.9 [0.5, 1.61] | 2 studies · 1071088 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐control ‐ Jeryl Lynn ‐ risk interval 0 to 30 days · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.21, 3.41] | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case cross‐over ‐ Urabe or Hoshino · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 4 [2.23, 7.2] | 2 studies · 2 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case cross‐over ‐ Jeryl Lynn or Rubini · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.18, 1.99] | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series ‐ any strain · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 12.4 [3.12, 49.35] | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self‐controlled case series ‐ Urabe · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 30.71 [13.45, 70.1] | 3 studies · 564635 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Self controlled case series ‐ Leningrad‐Zagreb · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 6.4 [0.78, 52.47] | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies household contacts ‐ 3 doses · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.04 [0.01, 0.23] | 2 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Person‐time cohort ‐ Jeryl Lynn · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.3 [0.66, 2.56] | 1 study · 1071088 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐only ecological method ‐ Urabe · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 9.12 [5.73, 14.52] | 1 study · 1054305 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Case‐only ecological method ‐ Leningrad‐Zagreb · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 18.56 [12.09, 28.51] | 3 studies · 1164964 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ within 1 week after MMR vaccination · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 2.45 [2.21, 2.71] | 2 studies · 1451990 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cohort studies ‐ between 1 and 2 weeks after MMR vaccination · children 9 months to 15 years old Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 3.16 [2.89, 3.46] | 2 studies · 2147638 participants | Moderate |