Chemotherapy probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (moderate certainty).
Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in tumour response rate (non‐taxane monotherapy vs taxane monotherapy) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether chemotherapy changes tumour response rate (taxane‐containing doublet therapy vs taxane… compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).
Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in tumour response rate compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (low certainty).
Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in any adverse events compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (high certainty).
Biological therapy leads to lower overall survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (high certainty).
Biological therapy probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (moderate certainty).
Biological therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (low certainty).
Biological therapy may leads to higher tumour response rate compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (low certainty).
Duodenal stenting showed no clear difference in re‐establishment of oral intake (technical success of the… compared with surgical palliation (low certainty).
Duodenal stenting showed no clear difference in time to re‐establishment of oral intake compared with surgical palliation (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether duodenal stenting changes all‐cause mortality compared with surgical palliation (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether duodenal stenting changes median survival postintervention compared with surgical palliation (very low certainty).
Duodenal stenting showed no clear difference in time to recurrence of obstructive symptoms compared with surgical palliation (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether duodenal stenting changes adverse events compared with surgical palliation (very low certainty).
Duodenal stenting showed no clear difference in length of hospital stay compared with surgical palliation (moderate certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.