What do systematic reviews say?

Toothbrushing (with or without antiseptics), as part of oral hygiene care vs No toothbrushing (with or without antiseptics)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  The outcome of cost was not reported by any study in this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Ionisation (ionic air purifier) vs No ionisation / standard operatory

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any method, procedure or policy to reduce contaminated aerosols in dental clinics vs Any other method, no treatment or combination of methods

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Rate of infection of dental staff or patients: Not reported (row present in all Summary of findings tables)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chlorhexidine vs Hydrogen peroxide

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Chlorhexidine versus hydrogen peroxide (Dahiya 2012): no evidence of a difference in incidence of VAP; single study.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Combination system (Isolite) vs Rubber dam + HVE

It is very uncertain whether combination system (Isolite) changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during water… compared with rubber dam + HVE (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -125.20 [-174.02, -76.38]
  1 study · 1 participants
  Very low

High-volume evacuation (HVE) vs No HVE

It is very uncertain whether high-volume evacuation (HVE) changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during… compared with no HVE (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -47.41 [-92.76, -2.06]
  3 studies · 122 participants
  Very low

Rubber dam vs No rubber dam

It is very uncertain whether rubber dam changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during… compared with no rubber dam (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.98 [-0.73, 2.70]
  1 study · 47 participants
  Very low

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care vs placebo or usual care

Chlorhexidine (mouthrinse or gel), as part of oral hygiene care showed no clear difference in duration of systemic antibiotic use compared with placebo or usual care; GRADE not reported.

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.65 [-0.58, 1.88]
  1 study · 146 participants
  GRADE not reported

Rubber dam + HVE vs Cotton roll + HVE

It is very uncertain whether rubber dam + HVE changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during… compared with cotton roll + HVE (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -12.70 [-12.85, -12.55]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Air cleaning system (ACS) vs No air cleaning system

It is very uncertain whether air cleaning system (ACS) changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during… compared with no air cleaning system (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -32.40 [-51.55, -13.25]
  1 study · 2 participants
  Very low

Combination system (Isolite) vs HVE

It is very uncertain whether combination system (Isolite) changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during water… compared with HVE (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -109.30 [-153.01, -65.59]
  1 study · 1 participants
  Very low

Saline rinse vs usual or supportive care

Saline rinse showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.10 [0.87, 1.39]
  2 studies · 324 participants
  GRADE not reported

Toothbrushing (with or without antiseptics), as part of oral hygiene care vs No toothbrushing (with or without antiseptics)

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects: information from two studies, which stated that there were none; very low certainty. There is a lack of evidence about adverse effects.
  2 studies
  Very low

Sodium bicarbonate rinse (plus toothbrushing) vs Water rinse (plus toothbrushing)

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects (Berry 2011, CHX versus sodium bicarbonate versus water): no adverse events were reported associated with the interventions.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine vs Ozonated water

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Chlorhexidine versus ozonated water (Hanifi 2017): some evidence of a benefit for ozonated water; single study, not replicated, interpret with caution.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Rubber dam + HVE vs Cotton roll + HVE

It is very uncertain whether rubber dam + HVE changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during… compared with cotton roll + HVE (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -251.00 [-267.95, -234.05]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Toothbrushing (with or without antiseptics), as part of oral hygiene care vs No toothbrushing (with or without antiseptics)

It is very uncertain whether toothbrushing (with or without antiseptics), as part of oral hygiene… changes duration of ICU stay compared with no toothbrushing (with or without antiseptics) (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: mean 1 month
  MD -1.89 [-3.52, -0.27]
  3 studies · 749 participants
  Very low

High-volume evacuation (HVE) vs Conventional dental suction (low-volume evacuator / saliva ejector)

It is very uncertain whether high-volume evacuation (HVE) changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during… compared with conventional dental suction (low-volume evacuator / saliva ejector) (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -2.20 [-14.01, 9.61]
  1 study · 6 participants
  Very low

Povidone iodine rinse vs Saline rinse or placebo

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects (Seguin 2014): no evidence of a difference in acute respiratory distress syndrome (RR 11.00, 95% CI 0.62 to 195.61), agitation and/or hypertension (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.86), epistaxis (RR 0.14, 95%…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported