Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,667 questions · 21,760 findings · 2,177 reviews

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No studies found 4,173 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 2,300 · 10.6%Very low 5,276 · 24.2%Low 5,764 · 26.5%Moderate 3,298 · 15.2%High 949 · 4.4%

Ranked among the 5,000 newest matching findings; add words or filters to narrow the search.

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Verrucomicrobia · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Faecal acetate · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Faecal propionate · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Faecal butyrate · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Faecal total short‐chain fatty acids · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Faecal indoles · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Faecal P‐cresol · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Graft function · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

Graft infection · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antidepressants vs opioid antagonists

Depressive symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 62 participants
Very low

Antidepressants vs mood stabilisers

Depressive symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 58 participants
Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Depressive symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 90 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Bayley Scales of Infant Development Mental Development Index < 85 (assessed beyond infancy) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 76 participants
Very low

Prebiotic vs control

Bayley Scales of Infant Development Psychomotor Development Index < 85 (assessed beyond infancy) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Very low

Prebiotic vs control

Cerebral palsy · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 76 participants
Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Mean change in pain from baseline (0‐ to 10‐point scale, 0 is no pain) at 8–16 weeks · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant showed no clear difference in mean change in pain from baseline (0‐ to 10‐point scale, 0 is no… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for hip and knee osteoarthritis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 2038 participants
High

Antidepressants vs placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · predominantly knee osteoarthritis

Antidepressant leads to higher responder rate: ≥ 50% reduction in 24‐hour mean pain compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for hip and knee osteoarthritis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [1.32, 1.82]
6 studies · 1904 participants
High