Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,429 questions · 3,558 findings · 436 reviews

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No studies found 660 · 18.5%GRADE not reported 375 · 10.5%Very low 727 · 20.4%Low 887 · 24.9%Moderate 709 · 19.9%High 200 · 5.6%

Intervention not reported

False positivespeople incorrectly classified as having pulmonary tuberculosis · people with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosisRole: an initial testIndex test: Xpert MTB/XDRThreshold for index test: an automated result…

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/XDR for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 429 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: garlic supplementation vs placebo

Pulmonary exacerbations · children aged over eight and adults with cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary infection with P aeruginosa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic adjuvant therapy for pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Epidural analgesia vs peripheral nerve blocks

Pulmonary complications (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia for adults undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Epidural analgesia vs intrapleural analgesia

Pulmonary complications (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia for adults undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Epidural analgesia vs wound infiltration

Pulmonary complications (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia for adults undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Pulmonary complications (0 to 30 days) · adult cardiac surgical patients

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in pulmonary complications (0 to 30 days) compared with systemic analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia for adults undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 studies · 1736 participants
Low

Selexipag vs placebo

mPAP (the higher the mPAP, the worse the pulmonary hypertension) · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Selexipag vs placebo

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Selexipag vs placebo

Cardiac index · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Selexipag vs placebo

RAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Prostacyclin vs control

mPAP (the higher the mPAP, the worse the pulmonary hypertension) · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1132 participants
Low

Prostacyclin vs control

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 658 participants
Moderate

Prostacyclin vs control

Cardiac index · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 868 participants
Low

Prostacyclin vs control

RAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1060 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.87 [0.76, 1]
1 study · 3372 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.99 [0.57, 1.72]
7 studies · 4937 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.98 [0.59, 1.61]
2 studies · 2510 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.23 [0.84, 1.81]
22 studies · 18538 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.77 [0.62, 0.97]
5 studies · 2488 participants
Moderate