Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

130 questions · 133 findings · 4 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

No studies found 72 · 54.1%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.5%Very low 29 · 21.8%Low 29 · 21.8%Moderate 1 · 0.8%High 0 · 0%

Intervention not reported

Cardiovascular mortality a. Intervention vs placebo [30 weeks to 4.75 years] b. Intervention vs insulin [4.75 years to 10.0 years] · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention may leads to higher cardiovascular mortality a. Intervention vs placebo [30 weeks to… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal macrovascular outcomes 1. Composite 2. Non‐fatal myocardial infarction Intervention vs insulin [4.75 years to 10.0 years] · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal macrovascular outcomes 1. Composite 2. Non‐fatal… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cancer Intervention vs insulin [4.75 years to 10.0 years] · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention showed no clear difference in cancer Intervention vs insulin [4.75 years to 10.0 years] (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events 1. All adverse events 2. Drop‐outs due to adverse events Intervention vs alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors [30 weeks] · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention may leads to lower adverse events 1. All adverse events 2. Drop‐outs due to adverse… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality a. Intervention vs metformin [a. 24 weeks to 4 years] b. Intervention vs thiazolidinediones [b. 24 weeks to 4 years] c. Intervention vs insulin [c. 9 months to 10 years] d. Intervention vs incretin‐based control [d. 52 weeks to... · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality a. Intervention vs metformin [a. 24 weeks to 4… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cardiovascular mortality a. Intervention vs metformin [a. 24 weeks to 4 years] b. Intervention vs thiazolidinediones [b. 24 weeks to 4 years] c. Intervention vs insulin [c. 9 months to 10 years] d. Intervention vs meglitinide [d. 12 months to 17 m... · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality a. Intervention vs metformin [a. 24 weeks… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review