Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

137 questions · 143 findings · 9 reviews

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No studies found 15 · 10.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 25 · 17.5%Low 75 · 52.4%Moderate 28 · 19.6%High 0 · 0%

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

Adverse events: renal insufficiency · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV showed no clear difference in adverse events: renal insufficiency compared with oral cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.99]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

Adverse effects ‐ Bacterial infection clinical assessment · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether IV changes adverse events: bacterial infection compared with oral cyclophosphamide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.1, 10.62]
2 studies · 61 participants
Very low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

Adverse events: Vomiting · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether IV changes adverse events: vomiting compared with oral cyclophosphamide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.38 [0.35, 16.17]
2 studies · 61 participants
Very low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

Alopecia · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV showed no clear difference in adverse events: alopecia compared with oral cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.5 [0.27, 8.22]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Calcineurin inhibitor vs IV cyclophosphamide

Complete or partial remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Calcineurin inhibitor may leads to higher treatment response at 3 to 6 months: complete or partial remission compared with IV cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.98 [1.25, 3.13]
2 studies · 156 participants
Low

Calcineurin inhibitor vs IV cyclophosphamide

Complete remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Calcineurin inhibitor may leads to higher treatment response at 3 to 6 months: complete remission compared with IV cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.43 [1.84, 6.41]
2 studies · 156 participants
Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Death · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

It is very uncertain whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) changes death compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.61, 2.06]
8 studies · 826 participants
Very low

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + tacrolimus (TAC) vs IV cyclophosphamide

Partial renal remission · Patients with proliferative lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + tacrolimus (TAC) showed no clear difference in partial renal remission compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.78, 1.28]
2 studies · 402 participants
Low

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + tacrolimus (TAC) vs IV cyclophosphamide

Stable kidney function · Patients with proliferative lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + tacrolimus (TAC) may leads to higher stable kidney function compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.78 [1.4, 2.26]
2 studies · 402 participants
Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

ESKD · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

It is very uncertain whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) changes ESKD compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.27, 1.84]
3 studies · 231 participants
Very low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Complete renal remission · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) showed no clear difference in complete renal remission compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.97, 1.42]
8 studies · 828 participants
Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Partial renal remission · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) showed no clear difference in partial renal remission compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.89, 1.18]
9 studies · 868 participants
Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Ovarian failure · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

It is very uncertain whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) changes ovarian failure compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.06, 2.18]
3 studies · 539 participants
Very low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Major infection · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) showed no clear difference in major infection compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.67, 1.54]
6 studies · 699 participants
Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Alopecia · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) probably leads to lower alopecia compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.29 [0.19, 0.46]
3 studies · 622 participants
Moderate

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Diarrhoea · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) probably leads to higher diarrhoea compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.42 [1.64, 3.58]
4 studies · 609 participants
Moderate

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + tacrolimus (TAC) vs IV cyclophosphamide

Complete renal remission · Patients with proliferative lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + tacrolimus (TAC) may leads to higher complete renal remission compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.38 [1.07, 5.3]
2 studies · 402 participants
Low