Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Use of pharmacological analgesia · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes use of pharmacological analgesia compared with water injection (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes assisted vaginal birth compared with water injection (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes caesarean section compared with water injection (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Use of pharmacological analgesia · pain management in labour
Acupuncture probably leads to lower use of pharmacological analgesia compared with sham control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes assisted vaginal birth compared with sham control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pain management in labour
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with sham control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with pain relief · pain management in labour
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in satisfaction with pain relief in labour compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall premenstrual symptoms ‐ Mood at two month · women with PMS
1 finding from 1 review
Response rate ‐ not measured · women with PMS
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Quality of life ‐ not measured · women with PMS
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Overall premenstrual symptoms ‐ Physical at two month · women with PMS
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events at up to 2 months' · women with PMS
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes adverse events at up to 2 months' compared with sham (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Specific PMS symptoms ‐ not measured · women with PMS
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Response rate at end of treatment · women with PMS
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes response rate at end of treatment compared with sham (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · women with PMS
1 finding from 1 review
Overall premenstrual symptoms at end of treatment. · women with PMS
1 finding from 1 review