What do systematic reviews say?

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… changes low birth weight < 1500 g compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.80 [0.38, 1.70]
  2 studies · 2550 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes perinatal mortality (including fetal and neonatal deaths up to the… compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.06 [0.60, 1.85]
  2 studies · 855 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes low birth weight < 1500 g compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.85 [0.69, 4.96]
  1 study · 756 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… led to lower bleeding on probing compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with…; GRADE not reported.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -28.00 [-38.54, -17.46]
  1 study · 53 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) showed no clear difference in decayed primary surfaces at 3 years compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing dental caries… 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years
  MD 0.05 [-0.02, 0.12]
  1 study · 938 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing dental caries… 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 years
  MD -0.06 [-0.17, 0.05]
  1 study · 798 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Maternal mortality: Not reported for this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Eight studies (5120 participants) reported birth weight in grams; data not pooled due to skewness; mean difference ranged between -52.8 and 476.6 grams.
  8 studies · 5120 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported as a secondary periodontal outcome (Analysis 1.9); results not meta-analysed due to considerable heterogeneity (I2 91% to 100%); reduction in favour of periodontal treatment.
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… showed no clear difference in gingival index compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with…; GRADE not reported.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -28.00 [-144.13, 88.13]
  1 study · 53 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects of therapy: Not reported for this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… changes perinatal mortality (including fetal and neonatal deaths up to the… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.85 [0.51, 1.43]
  7 studies · 5320 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported as a secondary periodontal outcome (Analysis 1.7); results not meta-analysed due to considerable heterogeneity (I2 91% to 100%); reduction in favour of periodontal treatment.
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported as a secondary periodontal outcome (Analysis 1.6); results not meta-analysed due to considerable heterogeneity (I2 91% to 100%); reduction in favour of periodontal treatment.
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… led to lower probing depth compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with…; GRADE not reported.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -0.93 [-1.12, -0.74]
  1 study · 53 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… showed no clear difference in small for gestational age compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.97 [0.81, 1.16]
  3 studies · 3610 participants
  Low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Small for gestational age: Not reported for this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… may leads to lower birth weight (low birth weight < 2500 g) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.67 [0.48, 0.95]
  7 studies · 3470 participants
  Low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  0% in both groups; Not estimated; 2134 participants (4 RCTs)
  4 studies · 2134 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) changes decayed or filled primary tooth surfaces at 3 years compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing dental caries… 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years
  MD 0.12 [-0.05, 0.29]
  1 study · 938 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported as a secondary periodontal outcome (Analysis 1.8); results not meta-analysed due to considerable heterogeneity (I2 91% to 100%); reduction in favour of periodontal treatment.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported