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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,348 questions · 1,514 findings · 111 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 287 · 19%GRADE not reported 823 · 54.4%Very low 243 · 16.1%Low 104 · 6.9%Moderate 49 · 3.2%High 8 · 0.5%

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract vs placebo or no treatment

Systemic fungal infection · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Oral candidiasis (present) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… led to lower oral candidiasis (present) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Tongue scraping (mechanical tongue cleaning) vs Placebo or no intervention (nothing)

Outcome not reported · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Tongue scraping for treating halitosis 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Minimum 4 weeks (planned)
    No eligible randomized controlled trials comparing tongue scraping with placebo or no intervention were identified.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition)
7 findings from 1 review
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Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Caries increment on primary (deciduous) tooth surfaces (d(e/m)fs), prevented fraction · Children with primary (deciduous) teeth (younger children)
5 findings from 1 review
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Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Caries increment on permanent whole teeth (D(M)FT), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition)
7 findings from 1 review
Show 4 more findings

Fluoride toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

Proportion developing new caries · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in proportion of children developing one or more new caries compared with placebo (non-fluoride) toothpaste; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects (tooth staining/discoloration, oral soft-tissue signs, adverse symptoms such as nausea/vomiting, enamel etching) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less
1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

Acquiring extrinsic tooth staining (adverse effect; stannous fluoride toothpaste) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride toothpaste led to higher acquiring extrinsic tooth staining (adverse effect; stannous… compared with placebo (non-fluoride) toothpaste; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects: dental fluorosis · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review