Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,359 questions · 2,491 findings · 249 reviews

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No studies found 696 · 27.9%GRADE not reported 213 · 8.6%Very low 611 · 24.5%Low 595 · 23.9%Moderate 315 · 12.6%High 61 · 2.4%

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Ibuprofen vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss: mean loss

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in menstrual blood loss (alkaline hematin method) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 14.11
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.3
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Duration of bleeding (menstrual diary)

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in duration of bleeding (menstrual diary) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.2
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Side effects: eye and mouth swelling, stomach cramps, fatigue, irritability (diary record)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss Menstruation "more abundant than normal" (questionnaire)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Side effects: dyspepsia, diarrhoea, headache, fatigue (questionnaire)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Aspirin vs paracetamol

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Side effects or other adverse events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss % occurrence of heavy menstrual bleeding (alkaline hematin method)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Duration of bleeding (menstrual diary)

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 152 participants
Low

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss % occurrence heavy menstrual bleeding (PBAC score)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Side effects or other adverse events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Menstrual blood loss: mean loss

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

PGIC very much improved · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

Lack of efficacy withdrawal · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater during longest compared with active comparator (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.41 [0.99, 2]
1 study · 139 participants
Low

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found