Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,733 questions · 1,794 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 243 · 13.5%GRADE not reported 96 · 5.4%Very low 597 · 33.3%Low 506 · 28.2%Moderate 303 · 16.9%High 49 · 2.7%

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 59 participants
Low
Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 405 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone

Depressive symptoms · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 59 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone

Functional ability · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 59 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 64 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Functional ability · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 87 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Depression various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 103 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 93 participants
Moderate

bed rest vs advice to stay active

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 480 participants
Low

bed rest vs advice to stay active

Functional status, short‐term · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 400 participants
Moderate

bed rest vs advice to stay active

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · patients with sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 346 participants
Moderate

bed rest vs advice to stay active

Functional status, short‐term · patients with sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 346 participants
Moderate

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ any reason compared with typical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.45, 2.74]
1 study · 41 participants
Low

Levomepromazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether levomepromazine changes leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy compared with atypical antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.4, 1.74]
2 studies · 106 participants
Very low

Levomepromazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to patient deterioration · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to patient deterioration compared with atypical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5 [0.25, 98.27]
1 study · 42 participants
Moderate

Levomepromazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ lost to · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ lost to compared with atypical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.74]
1 study · 42 participants
Low

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy compared with typical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.22, 4.18]
1 study · 41 participants
Low

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to adverse events compared with typical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.77 [0.24, 93.67]
1 study · 41 participants
Low

Levomepromazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ any reason compared with atypical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.67, 1.49]
2 studies · 106 participants
Low

Levomepromazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to adverse events compared with atypical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5 [0.25, 98.27]
1 study · 42 participants
Moderate

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs antipsychotics

Global state: 1. General ‐ no clinically significant improvement ‐ short term < 30% improvement on BPRS · patients with schizophrenia

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG showed no clear difference in global state: No clinically important response ‐ short term compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulpiride augmentation for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.3, 1.09]
3 studies · 193 participants
Low