Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,072 questions · 4,237 findings · 447 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 946 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 257 · 6.1%Very low 1,121 · 26.5%Low 1,207 · 28.5%Moderate 568 · 13.4%High 138 · 3.3%

NSAIDs vs placebo

Visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more Snellen lines · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo

Persistence of visual improvement one month after discontinuation of treatment · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes persistence of visual improvement one month after discontinuation of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Cardiopulmonary complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes cardiopulmonary complications compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Helium vs carbon dioxide

Pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether helium changes pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Helium vs carbon dioxide

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

Helium showed no clear difference in pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower… compared with carbon dioxide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Procedure‐related general complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Room air vs carbon dioxide

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether room air changes pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review