What do systematic reviews say?

Female gender (girls) vs Male gender (boys)

Girls had modestly higher odds of poor OHRQoL than boys (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09-1.17; 3 studies; ungraded).

• The Association of Oral Health Status, demographic characteristics and socioeconomic determinants with Oral… 2020 All outcomes

  Upper-middle-income countries (Brazil); studies 2010-2013
  OR 1.13 [1.09, 1.17]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (high certainty).

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -0.37 [-1.69, 0.95]
  1 study · 298 participants
  High

Higher dental caries experience vs Caries-free controls

Higher dental caries experience was associated with substantially higher odds of poor OHRQoL (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.43-1.88; 6 studies; high heterogeneity I2=83.5%; ungraded).

• The Association of Oral Health Status, demographic characteristics and socioeconomic determinants with Oral… 2020 All outcomes

  Upper-middle-income countries (5 studies) and one high-income country; studies 2011-2017
  OR 1.66 [1.43, 1.88]
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in oral health behaviour (1-9 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD 0.00 [-0.03, 0.03]
  1 study · 308 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 12-month recall

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  Summary of findings 1 lists 'Oral-health-related quality of life: Not reported' for the 24-month versus 12-month comparison (Wang 1992 did not measure it).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

• Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Low
• Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 38 participants
  Moderate

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

• Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Moderate

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

• Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Low

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

• Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Moderate

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

• Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Moderate

Low maternal education (<=6 years of schooling) vs Higher maternal education (>6 years)

Lower maternal education was associated with poor OHRQoL (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.23; 4 studies; high heterogeneity; CI lower bound at the null; ungraded).

• The Association of Oral Health Status, demographic characteristics and socioeconomic determinants with Oral… 2020 All outcomes

  Upper-middle-income countries; studies 2010-2014
  OR 1.12 [1.00, 1.23]
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -0.35 [-1.02, 0.32]
  1 study · 1551 participants
  High

Orthodontic treatment need vs No orthodontic treatment need

Orthodontic treatment need was associated with modestly higher odds of poor OHRQoL (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.18; 3 studies; ungraded).

• The Association of Oral Health Status, demographic characteristics and socioeconomic determinants with Oral… 2020 All outcomes

  Upper-middle-income countries (Brazil); studies 2012-2019
  OR 1.13 [1.07, 1.18]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral health knowledge (1-9 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -0.01 [-0.03, 0.01]
  1 study · 1604 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in oral health knowledge (1-9 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -0.01 [-0.05, 0.03]
  1 study · 308 participants
  GRADE not reported

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) vs Children and adolescents without JIA (healthy peers)

A single study reported more oral ulcerations in children with JIA (5/41) than without JIA (1/41); evidence is limited to one study (ungraded).

• Oral health in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2019 All outcomes

  Sweden (Leksell et al. 2008)
  One study focused on oral ulceration [25] found five of forty-one children with JIA affected versus one of forty-one children without JIA.
  1 study · 82 participants
  GRADE not reported

Higher JIA disease activity/severity (e.g., high JADAS/activity scores, polyarticular RF-negative subtype, active disease, anti-TNFalpha or cyclosporine medication) vs Lower JIA disease activity / inactive or milder JIA

Some studies suggested greater JIA disease activity/severity (and certain medications) was associated with worse periodontal and caries outcomes, but small samples meant no solid conclusion could be drawn (ungraded).

• Oral health in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2019 All outcomes

  Multiple countries (Brazil, Sweden, Germany); paediatric rheumatology/dental settings
  Higher JIA disease activity/severity was associated with worse oral outcomes in several studies: JADAS and global activity scores correlated positively with DMFT and gingival indices [27]; a polyarticular RF-negative…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
  Comparison 1.5 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Single-use suction toothbrush vs standard manual toothbrush (both with a chemical agent), 90 days, Ferozali 2007: Total Oral…
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low