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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
581 questions in 23 reviews · Implants and prosthodontics
current versionsNo studies 87 · 15%Ungraded 388 · 66.8%Very low 88 · 15.1%Low 10 · 1.7%Moderate 8 · 1.4%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Osteotomes with mallet (Summers' technique) vs Rotary instruments (Cosci technique) Complications · Patients undergoing crestal maxillary sinus lift · 3 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 7.86 [0.75, 82.13] | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Duration of overall treatment · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | SMD -0.25 [-0.62, 0.12] | 3 studies · 111 participants | Low |
Pre-drilling mini-screw implant vs Self-drilling mini-screw implant Success of the anchorage device · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.91, 1.38] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Hand mallet (osteotomes) vs Electric mallet Augmentation procedure failure · Patients undergoing one-stage crestal maxillary sinus lift without bone grafts (baseline residual bone height about… · 19 months to 3 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Augmentation failures 0/40 versus 0/40; none. | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Bone gain · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 6 months after augmentation Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.26 [-0.91, 1.43] | 1 study · 9 participants | Ungraded |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Mesiodistal movement of the upper first permanent molar · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | MD 1.62 [0.98, 2.26] | 1 study · 25 participants | Ungraded |
Steri-Oss acid-etched titanium screws vs Southern blasted/etched titanium screws Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 10 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.02, 1.08] | 2 studies · 48 participants | Ungraded |
Southern regular implants vs Neoss turned implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3.25 [0.15, 72.36] | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
NobelActive internal connection implants vs Nobel Speedy Groovy external connection implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures; risk ratio not estimable (Pozzi 2014) | 1 study · 34 participants | Ungraded |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Bone gain · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 30 months after augmentation Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.10 [-1.04, 1.24] | 1 study · 39 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage lateral sinus lift with monocortical autogenous bone blocks (iliac crest) vs Two-stage lateral sinus lift with autogenous particulate bone (iliac crest) Prosthesis failure · Patients with 2 to 7 mm of residual alveolar bone height in the edentulous maxillary sinus floor · 3 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.00 [0.06, 17.18] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Complications · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.50 [0.01, 9.60] | 1 study · 9 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Duration of space closure · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | SMD -0.09 [-0.54, 0.35] | 3 studies · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Rotary instruments to open the lateral sinus window vs Piezosurgery to open the lateral sinus window Implant failure · Patients undergoing lateral-window maxillary sinus lift · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Rickert 2013 (N = 36): no implant failures in either group. | 1 study · 36 participants | Ungraded |
Astra TiO2-blast titanium implants vs SwissPlus (Zimmer) cylindrical implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 5 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures; risk ratio not estimable (Akoglu 2011) | 1 study | Ungraded |
Hand mallet (osteotomes) vs Electric mallet Complications at augmented site · Patients undergoing one-stage crestal maxillary sinus lift without bone grafts (baseline residual bone height about… · 19 months to 3 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 3.16 [0.31, 31.78] | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Autogenous bone graft (two-stage lateral sinus lift) vs Bone substitute (anorganic bovine bone / Bio-Oss) Implant failure · Patients with an atrophic posterior maxilla requiring maxillary sinus augmentation · abutment connection to 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 4.20 [0.81, 21.79] | 2 studies · 51 participants | Ungraded |
NobelActive external connection implants vs NobelActive internal connection implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 3 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.25, 4.51] | 1 study · 113 participants | Ungraded |
Bone graft with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) vs Bone graft without PRP Implant failure · Patients with insufficient bone below the maxillary sinus requiring dental implants · 2 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | No statistically significant difference for implant failures. Per trial: Raghoebar 2005 1 failure in the PRP arm, OR 3.67 (0.12 to 113.73), P = 0.46; Torres 2009 (PRP only = 1, no-PRP only = 2), OR 0.50 (0.01 to… | 2 studies · 62 participants | Ungraded |
NobelActive internal connection implants vs Nobel Speedy Groovy external connection implants Marginal bone level change · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | MD -0.59 [-0.74, -0.44] | 1 study · 34 participants | Ungraded |
Bone substitute (anorganic bovine bone / Bio-Oss) vs A different bone substitute Prosthesis failure · Patients undergoing two-stage maxillary sinus augmentation · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Lindgren 2012 (split-mouth, 11 patients): prosthesis failures 0/11 versus 0/11; none. | 1 study · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Augmentation procedure failure · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.48 [0.04, 5.67] | 1 study · 44 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Number of visits · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | MD 7.01 [3.47, 10.55] | 1 study · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Rotary instruments to open the lateral sinus window vs Piezosurgery to open the lateral sinus window Complications at augmented site · Patients undergoing lateral-window maxillary sinus lift · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.00 [0.27, 3.74] | 1 study · 36 participants | Ungraded |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Patient acceptability · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Acceptability was not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
NobelActive internal connection implants vs NobelReplace implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 3 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.90 [0.25, 3.15] | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage augmentation (implants placed simultaneously) vs Two-stage augmentation (delayed implant placement) Prosthesis failure · Patients requiring maxillary sinus augmentation · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.35 [0.01, 6.83] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Astra cylindrical turned surface implants vs Astra cylindrical TiO2-blasted surface implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 5 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | Primary pairwise data unusable (implant numbers per surface not disclosed); one turned implant failed early. Data used only for the turned-vs-roughened secondary analysis (Wennstrom 2004) | 1 study · 51 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Patient perception: pain · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Reported narratively in 1 study (Feldmann 2007) on a VAS 0-100; the first evening after the intervention pain was significantly higher for surgical group A (P=0.002) and conventional group C (P=0.007) than surgical… | 1 study · 113 participants | Ungraded |
Pre-drilling mini-screw implant vs Self-drilling mini-screw implant Patient perception: pain · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Self-reported pain on insertion (0-4 scale): pre-drilling mean 0.73 (SD 1.1; median 0.00, IQR 0-3) vs self-drilling mean 1.87 (SD 1.13; median 2.0, IQR 0-4); 1 study (Lehnen 2011), 30 participants | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
WINSIX cylindrical implants vs WINSIX tapered implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 2 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.00 [0.38, 10.58] | 1 study · 132 participants | Ungraded |
Bone substitute (anorganic bovine bone / Bio-Oss) vs A different bone substitute Complications at augmented site · Patients undergoing two-stage maxillary sinus augmentation · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 3.29 [0.12, 89.8] | 1 study · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Ankylos Plus (Dentsply) implants vs Seven (Sweden & Martina) implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures; risk ratio not estimable (Crespi 2009) | 1 study · 48 participants | Ungraded |
SPI Element sand-blasted acid-etched standard implants vs SPI Element SurfLink-modified implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures; risk ratio not estimable (Esposito 2013a) | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage augmentation (implants placed simultaneously) vs Two-stage augmentation (delayed implant placement) Complications · Patients requiring maxillary sinus augmentation · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 2.23 [0.19, 26.06] | 1 study · 58 participants | Ungraded |
Astra TiO2-blast cylindrical implants vs Astra TiO2-blast conical (tapered, microthreaded) implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 3 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures; risk ratio not estimable (Lee 2007) | 1 study · 34 participants | Ungraded |
Hand mallet (osteotomes) vs Electric mallet Prosthesis failure · Patients undergoing one-stage crestal maxillary sinus lift without bone grafts (baseline residual bone height about… · 19 months to 3 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Crespi 2012 (parallel, 40 per group): prosthesis failures 0/40 versus 0/40; none. | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage crestal-approach sinus lift with autogenous bone and 8 mm implants vs Lateral-window sinus lift with 50% autogenous bone/50% Bio-Oss and implants at least 10 mm long Augmentation (graft) procedure failure · Patients with 3 to 6 mm of residual bone height at the sinus floor · 5 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.18 [0.01, 4.01] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
ITI SLA cylindrical implants vs ITI SLA tapered implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures (Lang 2007, Table 2); risk ratio not estimable | 1 study · 208 participants | Ungraded |
Hand mallet (osteotomes) vs Electric mallet Bone gain · Patients undergoing one-stage crestal maxillary sinus lift without bone grafts (baseline residual bone height about… · after augmentation Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.10 [-0.52, 0.72] | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Southern wide implants vs Neoss turned implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures; risk ratio not estimable (Alsabeeha 2011) | 1 study | Ungraded |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Implant failure · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.52 [0.10, 2.82] | 2 studies · 53 participants | Ungraded |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Adverse effects · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Adverse effects were not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
Branemark Mark II turned titanium screws vs ITI TPS hollow titanium screws Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 10 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.64 [0.22, 12.01] | 2 studies · 99 participants | Ungraded |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Economic factors · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | No studies reported on economic evaluation | 0 studies | No studies |
MegaGen EZ Plus blasted standard implants vs MegaGen EZ Plus calcium-incorporated (Xpeed) implants Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures; risk ratio not estimable (Esposito 2012) | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Maxillary sinus lift (augmentation) with long implants vs Short implants (5 to 8.5 mm) without sinus augmentation Prosthesis failure · Patients with missing teeth and an atrophic posterior maxilla, with residual bone height between 4 and 9 mm below the… · median 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.37 [0.05, 2.68] | 3 studies · 109 participants | Moderate |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Bone gain · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 6 months after augmentation Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | MD 3.60 [2.99, 4.21] | 1 study · 41 participants | Ungraded |
Branemark Mark II standard titanium screws vs Branemark conical transmucosal titanium screws Implant failure · Adults with missing teeth who received osseointegrated root-formed dental implants, functionally loaded and followed… · 1 to 2 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants (2014) · Cochrane | No failures in either group; risk ratio not estimable (Gatti 2002) | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Bone graft with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) vs Bone graft without PRP Partial graft loss · Patients with insufficient bone below the maxillary sinus requiring dental implants · 2 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.5 [0.17, 17.96] | 1 study · 57 participants | Ungraded |