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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

298 questions · 298 findings · 46 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 69 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 21 · 7%Very low 75 · 25.2%Low 66 · 22.1%Moderate 57 · 19.1%High 10 · 3.4%

Chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) vs music therapy

Proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

It is very uncertain whether chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) changes proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level… compared with music therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg)

Proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level… compared with sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg)

Number of children with clinical adverse event: crying during administration of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg) probably leads to higher number of children with clinical adverse event: crying during… compared with dexmedetomidine intranasal (3 μg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs carbamazepine

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · acute mania

Lithium showed no clear difference in adverse event: sedation compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs ARIPIPRAZOLE

Adverse events: somnolence/sedation · acute mania

Lithium showed no clear difference in adverse events: somnolence/sedation compared with aripiprazole (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    OR 0.56 [0.26, 1.23]
    1 study · 313 participants
    Moderate

Valproate vs lithium

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Adults (aged 18 and over) with acute mania

Valproate showed no clear difference in individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 3 weeks (secondary… compared with lithium (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs lithium

Adverse events: somnolence/sedation · Children and adolescents with acute mania

It is very uncertain whether valproate changes individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 8 weeks (secondary… compared with lithium (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Adults (aged 18 and over) with acute mania

Valproate leads to lower adverse events ‐ Sedation At 3‐12 weeks (secondary tolerability… compared with olanzapine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs RISPERIDONE

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Children and adolescents with acute mania

It is very uncertain whether valproate changes adverse events ‐ Sedation At 8 weeks (secondary tolerability outcome) compared with risperidone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs placebo

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Adults (aged 18 and over) with acute mania

Valproate showed no clear difference in individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 3‐8 weeks (secondary… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs placebo

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Children and adolescents with acute mania

It is very uncertain whether valproate changes individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 4 weeks (secondary… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review