What do systematic reviews say?

Higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) vs lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration

• Monitoring of gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 322 participants
  Very low

Chemotherapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.66 [0.52, 0.83]
  2 studies · 547 participants
  Moderate

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Biological therapy showed no clear difference in any adverse events compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (high certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [1, 1.17]
  1 study · 491 participants
  High

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 283 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs biological therapy

Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with biological therapy (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.82 [0.66, 1.02]
  1 study · 395 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs biological therapy

Chemotherapy probably leads to higher progression‐free survival compared with biological therapy (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.27 [1.03, 1.57]
  1 study · 395 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs biological therapy

Chemotherapy may leads to lower serious adverse events compared with biological therapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.41 [0.3, 0.57]
  1 study · 570 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs biological therapy

Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in tumour response rate compared with biological therapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.72, 1.88]
  1 study · 395 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs biological therapy

Chemotherapy probably leads to lower any adverse events compared with biological therapy (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.56, 0.71]
  1 study · 570 participants
  Moderate

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.93 [0.83, 1.04]
  7 studies · 2743 participants
  Moderate

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy changes progression‐free survival compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.74, 1.02]
  7 studies · 2743 participants
  Very low

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy changes serious adverse events compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.95, 1.44]
  4 studies · 1618 participants
  Very low

Chemotherapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Chemotherapy leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (high certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.57 [0.47, 0.69]
  1 study · 507 participants
  High

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy changes tumour response rate compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.35 [0.99, 1.85]
  6 studies · 2404 participants
  Very low

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy showed no clear difference in any adverse events compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [1, 1.03]
  3 studies · 1513 participants
  Moderate

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy showed no clear difference in quality of life (QoL) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.74, 1.04]
  2 studies · 1154 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival (non‐taxane monotherapy vs taxane monotherapy) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.13 [0.86, 1.48]
  1 study · 219 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival (taxane‐containing doublet therapy vs taxane… compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.05 [0.72, 1.54]
  2 studies · 121 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 107 participants
  High

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival (non‐taxane monotherapy vs taxane… compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.14 [0.88, 1.48]
  1 study · 219 participants
  Low
• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.75 [0.52, 1.09]
  2 studies · 121 participants
  Low
• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 107 participants
  High