Hypercalcaemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hypercalcaemia: RR 3.80 (95% CI 0.90 to 16.12), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in femoral neck, Community-dwelling adults: WMD 1.10 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.90), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 1.10 [0.40, 1.90]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in lumbar spine, Community-dwelling adults: WMD 0.10 (95% CI -0.60 to 0.70), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.10 [-0.60, 0.70]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Sporadic colorectal adenoma recurrence · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma recurrence: OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.33), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Ischaemic heart disease · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Ischaemic heart disease: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.81), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐vertebral fractures · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures: non-vertebral, People aged >65 years: RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.99), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Small for gestational age: OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.67), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Prostate cancer · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a OR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.12) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Breast cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Breast cancer (Premenopausal): RR 1.01 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.06), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.06]
6 studies · 2890 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 0.99 [0.97, 1.01]
9 studies · 8766 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.55 [0.42, 0.71]
21 studies · 26317 participants
GRADE not reported
All cause mortality · people with chronic kidney disease (predialysis (GFR 15 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), HD, PD, transplant recipients)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for All cause mortality, Patients with chronic kidney disease: RR 0.86 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.92), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Metabolic syndrome (prevalent) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Metabolic syndrome (prevalent): OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.64), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Muscle strength · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Performance measures: muscle strength, Older adults: SMD -0.19 (95% CI -0.35 to -0.02), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.19 [-0.35, -0.02]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Cognitive function · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Cognition: OR 0.42 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.53), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Pre-eclampsia: OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Fractures: non-vertebral, non-hip · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fractures: non-vertebral, non-hip, Older women: OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.21 to 1.66), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.69 [0.21, 1.66]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Head circumference (mm) · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Head circumference: WMD 0.05 (95% CI -0.24 to 0.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Diastolic blood pressure · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Diastolic blood pressure: WMD -0.03 (95% CI -1.98 to 1.92), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD -0.03 [-1.98, 1.92]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Gestational age at birth (weeks) · pregnant women
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Mean gestational age at delivery: WMD 0.17 (95% CI -0.16 to 0.51), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.17 [-0.16, 0.51]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Pancreatic cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Pancreatic cancer: OR 2.13 (95% CI 1.02 to 4.47), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Hip Fracture · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Hip fracture (Population-based controls): log ratio of geometric mean -0.51 (95% CI -0.64 to -0.38), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
2 findings from 1 review
log ratio of geometric mean -0.51 [-0.64, -0.38]
9 studies · 1655 participants
GRADE not reported
log ratio of geometric mean -0.26 [-0.33, -0.23]
8 studies · 2201 participants
GRADE not reported