Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

254 questions · 281 findings · 12 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 151 · 53.7%GRADE not reported 10 · 3.6%Very low 74 · 26.3%Low 33 · 11.7%Moderate 12 · 4.3%High 1 · 0.4%

Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus control alarm · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus… compared with other types of alarm (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs desmopressin

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with desmopressin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs desmopressin

Proportion of children with adverse events · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm probably leads to lower proportion of children with adverse events compared with desmopressin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with tricyclics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children dry at · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children dry at compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Alarm vs placebo drug

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm may leads to higher proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with placebo drug (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables)

Number of women whose incontinence was improved or cured ‐ · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review