Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

139 questions · 147 findings · 16 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 21 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 4 · 2.7%Very low 26 · 17.7%Low 61 · 41.5%Moderate 29 · 19.7%High 6 · 4.1%

Individual tailored vs continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen

Death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Individual tailored showed no clear difference in death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) compared with continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen

Death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Lower showed no clear difference in death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years compared with higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen

Death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

It is very uncertain whether lower changes death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions)… compared with higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Later vs earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Later showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' PMA compared with earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Later vs earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy

Death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Later showed no clear difference in death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years compared with earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Later vs earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy

Death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Later showed no clear difference in death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) compared with earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse vs continuous dexamethasone therapy

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Pulse may leads to higher death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' PMA compared with continuous dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse vs continuous dexamethasone therapy

Death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

It is very uncertain whether pulse changes death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) compared with continuous dexamethasone therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual tailored vs continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Individual tailored showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA compared with continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

Clinical improvement: discharged alive ‐ not reported · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

Clinical worsening: need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death at up to day 28 · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

Hospital‐acquired infections ‐ not reported · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with dexamethasone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Complete remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in treatment response at 52 weeks: complete remission (primary outcome… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Partial remission ( · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in treatment response at 52 weeks: partial remission (primary outcome 3) compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Sustainable remission between 52 and 78 weeks: complete or partial remission (primary outcome 1, 2, 3) · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in sustainable remission between 52 and 78 weeks: complete or partial… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review