Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with low dose… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global evaluation ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to higher global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with high dose (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Azo‐bonded and delayed‐release mesalamine (2 ‐ 3.2 g/day) vs placebo

Clinical remission or improvement · patients with Induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether azo‐bonded and delayed‐release mesalamine (2 ‐ 3.2 g/day) changes induction of remission or clinical improvement ‐ Asacol (3.2 g/day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Azo‐bonded and delayed‐release mesalamine (2 ‐ 3.2 g/day) vs placebo

Induction of remission (CDAI < 150 + decrease >=70) ‐ Asacol (3.2 g/day) · patients with Induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether azo‐bonded and delayed‐release mesalamine (2 ‐ 3.2 g/day) changes induction of remission (CDAI < 150 + decrease >=70) ‐ Asacol (3.2… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: Any reasons ‐ when compared with ultra low dose (<2 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Any reasons ‐ when compared with ultra low… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: Any reasons ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Any reasons ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global evaluation ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Mental state: No clinically important improvement · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) showed no clear difference in mental state: No clinically important improvement ‐ PANSS ‐ when… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ dystonia ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with ultra low dose (<2 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review