Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes assisted vaginal birth compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes caesarean section compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity none of the studies reported on this outcome · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Satisfaction with pain relief ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Use of pharmacological analgesia · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes use of pharmacological analgesia compared with water injection (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes assisted vaginal birth compared with water injection (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes caesarean section compared with water injection (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Satisfaction with childbirth experience ‐ not reported · pain management in labour
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Use of pharmacological analgesia · pain management in labour
Acupuncture probably leads to lower use of pharmacological analgesia compared with sham control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · pain management in labour
It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes assisted vaginal birth compared with sham control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pain management in labour
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with sham control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · pain management in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with pain relief · pain management in labour
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in satisfaction with pain relief in labour compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Back‐specific functional status · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Physical quality of life · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review