Difficulty in mouth opening (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) led to lower difficulty in mouth opening (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
Singh 2010 (hydrocortisone+hyaluronidase 50 vs triamcinolone+hyaluronidase 50): mouth opening reported categorically (trismus) rather than as continuous data, precluding quantitative analysis; authors found no…
1 study · 100 participants
GRADE not reported
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
Sudarshan 2012 (topical aloe vera 10 vs antioxidant capsules 10): reported improvement in interincisal distance but no baseline data, so change could not be determined; excluded from meta-analysis.
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported
Severity of oral/mucosal burning pain/sensation · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
Rajendran 2006 concluded the intervention reduced pain, but pain intensity evaluations were inadequately defined and from interview data, making mean scores difficult to interpret.
1 study · 29 participants
GRADE not reported
Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline changes burning sensation (VAS 0-100) compared with placebo or no active treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Economic: direct costs · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
Oxitard (antioxidant) led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with aloe vera gel; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
Pentoxifylline may leads to lower maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with spirulina (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
It is very uncertain whether hydrocortisone plus hyaluronidase (intralesional) changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with placebo or no active treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
It is very uncertain whether intralesional triamcinolone changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with intralesional salvianolic acid B (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Irritability · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Self‐injury · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
It is very uncertain whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related drugs changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Irritability · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
Antidepressants may leads to higher adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review
Self‐injury · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…
1 finding from 1 review