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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Insulin injected with a Novolin pen vs insulin injected with a needle or syringe (Different insulin regimens with similar insulin types used within the regimen)

Macrosomia · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether insulin injected with a Novolin pen changes macrosomia compared with insulin injected with a needle or syringe (Different insulin… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin injected with a Novolin pen vs insulin injected with a needle or syringe (Different insulin regimens with similar insulin types used within the regimen)

Caesarean section 4 · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether insulin injected with a Novolin pen changes caesarean section 4 compared with insulin injected with a needle or syringe (Different insulin… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lispro vs regular insulin (Different insulin types within similar insulin regimens)

Caesarean section · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether lispro changes caesarean section compared with regular insulin (Different insulin types within similar insulin… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin Detemir + prandial insulin Aspart vs NPH insulin + prandial insulin Aspart (Different insulin types within similar insulin regimens)

Fetal anomaly (major) · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether insulin Detemir + prandial insulin Aspart changes fetal anomaly (major) compared with NPH insulin + prandial insulin Aspart (Different insulin types… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lispro vs regular insulin (Different insulin types within similar insulin regimens)

Fetal anomaly · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether lispro changes fetal anomaly compared with regular insulin (Different insulin types within similar insulin… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review