Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,230 questions · 1,303 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 73 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 21 · 1.6%Very low 497 · 38.1%Low 403 · 30.9%Moderate 245 · 18.8%High 64 · 4.9%

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Symptoms of opioid withdrawal in the medium term · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in symptoms of opioid withdrawalfin the medium termb compared with higher doses (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Serious adverse eventsg · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in serious adverse eventsg compared with higher doses (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Adverse events · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with higher doses (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Laxation response: risk of spontaneous rescue‐free bowel movements in the short terma · people receiving palliative care irrespective of whether they had cancer with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in laxation response: risk of spontaneous rescue‐free bowel… compared with higher dose (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Laxation response: risk of spontaneous rescue‐free bowel movements in the medium termb · people receiving palliative care irrespective of whether they had cancer with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

It is very uncertain whether methylnaltrexone lower dose changes laxation response: risk of spontaneous rescue‐free bowel… compared with higher dose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review