Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,655 questions · 1,751 findings · 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 361 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%

Acupuncture vs prophylactic drugs

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to lower number of participants dropping out due to adverse effects compared with prophylactic drugs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.27 [0.08, 0.86]
4 studies · 451 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs prophylactic drugs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to lower number of participants reporting adverse effects compared with prophylactic drugs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.25 [0.1, 0.62]
5 studies · 931 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs usual care or no treatment

Response (after treatment) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to higher response (after treatment) compared with no treatment/usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.4 [2.08, 2.76]
4 studies · 2519 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs usual care or no treatment

Response ( · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture may leads to higher response ( compared with no treatment/usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.16 [1.35, 3.45]
1 study · 377 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs sham

Headache (frequency) · people with episodic migraine

2 findings from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 1646 participants
Moderate
Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1534 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs sham

Response (after treatment) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to higher response (after treatment) compared with sham interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.23 [1.11, 1.36]
14 studies · 1825 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs sham

Response ( · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to higher response ( compared with sham interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [1.13, 1.39]
11 studies · 1683 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs sham

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in number of participants dropping out due to adverse effects compared with sham interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.84 [0.43, 18.71]
7 studies · 931 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

LASB vs placebo · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 23 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Image‐guided LASB vs nonimage‐guided LASB · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

LASB vs oral corticosteroids · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

LASB bupivacaine + BTA vs LASB bupivacaine · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 9 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Thoracic LASB + steroid vs subcutaneous local anaesthetic+ steroid · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

LASB vs ultrasound block · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 18 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

LASB vs IVRB guanethidine · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

LASB lumbar plexus vs pulsed radiofrequency lumbar plexus · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

LASB (lidocaine + clonidine) vs IVRB (lidocaine + clonidine) · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

LASB + PT+ pharmacological vs PT + pharmacological · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 82 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

LASB + PT vs PT · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Continuous LASB vs continuous brachial plexus block · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low