What do systematic reviews say?

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 136 participants
  Moderate

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1203 participants
  Moderate

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with… may leads to lower ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome per woman compared with gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist) (low certainty).

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 0.21 [0.11, 0.41]
  5 studies · 1067 participants
  Low

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with… showed no clear difference in clinical pregnancy rate per woman compared with gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist) (moderate certainty).

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.86, 1.16]
  12 studies · 1998 participants
  Moderate

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with… may leads to higher cancellation rate per woman compared with gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist) (low certainty).

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.87 [1.43, 2.45]
  9 studies · 1784 participants
  Low

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1098 participants
  Moderate

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1481 participants
  Moderate

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with… showed no clear difference in live birth per woman compared with gonadotropins (with GnRH agonist or midcycle antagonist) (low certainty).

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.49, 2.79]
  2 studies · 357 participants
  Low

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with… showed no clear difference in clinical pregnancy rate per woman compared with gonadotropins (with GnRH agonist or midcycle antagonist) (low certainty).

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.64, 1.12]
  8 studies · 1462 participants
  Low

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with… may leads to higher cancellation rate per woman compared with gonadotropins (with GnRH agonist or midcycle antagonist) (low certainty).

• Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.46 [1.18, 1.81]
  10 studies · 1601 participants
  Low

Azoles vs terbinafine

Azole probably leads to lower clinical cure compared with terbinafine (moderate certainty).

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.72, 0.95]
  15 studies · 2168 participants
  Moderate

Complete cure and adverse events for terbinafine vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Azoles vs placebo

Azole leads to higher clinical cure compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 22.18 [12.63, 38.95]
  9 studies · 3440 participants
  High

Azoles vs placebo

Azole leads to higher mycological cure compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.86 [3.23, 10.62]
  9 studies · 3440 participants
  High

Azoles vs placebo

Azole showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.97, 1.12]
  9 studies · 3441 participants
  Moderate

Azoles vs placebo

Azole showed no clear difference in recurrence rate compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.29, 1.07]
  1 study · 26 participants
  Low

Azoles vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Griseofulvin vs azole

Griseofulvin showed no clear difference in clinical cure compared with azole (moderate certainty).

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.45, 1.96]
  5 studies · 222 participants
  Moderate

Griseofulvin vs azole

Griseofulvin showed no clear difference in mycological cure compared with azole (moderate certainty).

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.5, 1.51]
  5 studies · 222 participants
  Moderate

Griseofulvin vs azole

Griseofulvin probably leads to higher adverse events compared with azole (moderate certainty).

• Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.41 [1.56, 3.73]
  2 studies · 143 participants
  Moderate