Caesarean section · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position leads to higher caesarean section compared with recumbent position (sensitivity analyses ‐ studies at low risk of… (high certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal birth compared with recumbent position (sensitivity analyses ‐ studies at low risk of… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Duration of second stage (minutes) · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Trauma to birth canal requiring suturing · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position showed no clear difference in trauma to birth canal requiring suturing compared with recumbent position (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood loss (greater than 500 mL) (trial authors defined it as PPH requiring blood transfusion) · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
Upright position showed no clear difference in blood loss (greater than 500 mL) (trial authors defined it as PPH… compared with recumbent position (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Infant outcomes · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, requiring intervention · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether upright position changes abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, requiring intervention compared with recumbent position (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative delirium (One study used DRS, three studies used CAM and in one study diagnostic tool was not reported) Time points were up to 4 days postoperatively
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings TIVA changes postoperative delirium (One study used DRS, three studies used CAM… compared with inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality at 30 days
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings TIVA changes mortality At 30 days compared with inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intraoperative hypotension (defined by study authors as change in MAP from baseline)
1 finding from 1 review
Length of stay in PACU
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found
Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found
Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found
Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition), Heft-Parker VAS 0-170 mm · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine showed no clear difference in adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition),… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects: pain following injection, Heft-Parker VAS 0-170 mm compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…
1 finding from 1 review
SoF: See comment, not estimable; 63 participants, 187 interventions (1 study); 1 case of urticaria occurred (unclear which anaesthetic). Not pooled/graded.
1 study · 63 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found
Duration of second stage (minutes) · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review