What do systematic reviews say?

Minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty (MIPP) vs MIPP with additional individualised velopharyngeal surgery (pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty)

• Interventions for the management of submucous cleft palate 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months post-operatively
  Five (14%) of the participants in group 1 (MIPP) and four (11%) in group 2 had residual post-operative velopharyngeal insufficiency, P > 0.05. The report provided no details on post-operative speech assessment other…
  1 study · 72 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs partially absorbed from GI tract (miconazole, clotrimazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs partially absorbed from GI tract (miconazole,… showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 2.27 [0.23, 22.56]
  1 study · 32 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.69 [0.47, 1.01]
  8 studies · 382 participants
  GRADE not reported

Amphotericin B vs placebo or no treatment

Amphotericin B showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.46 [0.18, 1.23]
  2 studies · 48 participants
  GRADE not reported

Itraconazole vs Fluconazole

Itraconazole showed no clear difference in empirical antifungal treatment compared with fluconazole; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.43]
  1 study · 202 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.65 [0.37, 1.14]
  6 studies · 1041 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… led to lower empirical antifungal treatment compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.85 [0.73, 0.99]
  2 studies · 465 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine vs placebo or no treatment

Chlorhexidine showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.59 [0.19, 1.83]
  3 studies · 115 participants
  GRADE not reported

Itraconazole vs Fluconazole

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  1 study (Huijgens 1999); no evidence of a difference; single-study total not pooled
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in good compliance compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.06 [0.89, 1.27]
  2 studies · 615 participants
  GRADE not reported

Norfloxacin plus amphotericin B vs Amphotericin B

Norfloxacin plus amphotericin B showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with amphotericin B; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.38 [0.15, 1.0]
  1 study · 106 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antifungal drugs partially absorbed from GI tract (miconazole, clotrimazole) vs placebo or no treatment

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  2 studies, 60 participants; effect not estimable (no events reported)
  2 studies · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine vs Chlorhexidine plus nystatin

Chlorhexidine showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with chlorhexidine plus nystatin; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.62 [0.64, 4.1]
  1 study · 52 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in death associated with fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.44 [0.14, 15.43]
  3 studies · 718 participants
  GRADE not reported

Itraconazole vs Fluconazole

Itraconazole showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with fluconazole; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.0 [0.26, 3.89]
  1 study · 202 participants
  GRADE not reported

Ketoconazole 400 mg vs Ketoconazole 200 mg

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  1 study (Scrimgeour 1985); no patient experienced oral candidiasis, not estimable
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found