Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL

Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep up to 2 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

HALOPERIDOL showed no clear difference in tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep up to 2 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

HALOPERIDOL probably leads to higher repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL

Global outcome ‐ need for benzodiazepine during 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

HALOPERIDOL showed no clear difference in global outcome ‐ need for benzodiazepine compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE

Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep by 12 hours · patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep by 12 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE

Global outcome: specific Not sedated at 60 minutes * · patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes global outcome: specific Not sedated at 60 minutes * compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE

Specific behaviour ‐ Aggression ‐ no overall improvement · patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes specific behaviour ‐ aggression ‐ no overall improvement compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia between 0‐3 days (IM phase) · patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia between 0‐3 days (IM phase) compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase) · patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase) compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OLANZAPINE

Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others average change score (ABS, high = worse) at 2 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OLANZAPINE

Global outcome ‐ need for benzodiazepine during 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes global outcome ‐ need for benzodiazepine during 24 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review