Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,138 questions · 1,154 findings · 139 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 184 · 15.9%GRADE not reported 183 · 15.9%Very low 273 · 23.7%Low 296 · 25.6%Moderate 171 · 14.8%High 47 · 4.1%

Oral valproic acid vs placebo

Change in pulmonary function · ambulatory adults with SMA type III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
24 participants
Low

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Change in disability score · adults with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Low

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Muscle strength · adults with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Effects on adherence (behavioural interventions) · adults and children with epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 391 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Effects on adherence (educational interventions) · adults and children with epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 1938 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Effects on adherence (mixed interventions) · adults and children with epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 612 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Seizure frequency and/or seizure severity Assessed by National Hospital Seizure Severity Scale (NHS3), seizure diary and self‐reporting · adults and children with epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 2147 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Self‐efficacy · adults and children with epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 453 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life · adults and children with epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1027 participants
Moderate

Intrathecal injected nusinersen vs sham

Time from birth until death or full‐time ventilation · infants with SMA and 2 SMN2 copies

Intrathecal injected nusinersen probably leads to lower time from birth until death or full‐time ventilationa compared with sham procedure (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.53 [0.32, 0.89]
1 study · 121 participants
Moderate

Riluzole vs placebo

Acquisition of the ability to sit · children with SMA type I

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Riluzole vs placebo

Acquisition of the ability to stand · children with SMA type I

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Riluzole vs placebo

Change in motor score after two years · children with SMA type I

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Riluzole vs placebo

Time from birth until death or full‐time ventilation · children with SMA type I

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Riluzole vs placebo

Acquisition of head control · children with SMA type I

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type I 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Polyneuropathies · newly diagnosed, transplant‐ineligible adults with symptomatic multiple myeloma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple drug combinations of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and thalidomide for first‐line treatment in adults with… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events · newly diagnosed, transplant‐ineligible adults with symptomatic multiple myeloma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple drug combinations of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and thalidomide for first‐line treatment in adults with… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Withdrawals due to adverse events · newly diagnosed, transplant‐ineligible adults with symptomatic multiple myeloma

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple drug combinations of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and thalidomide for first‐line treatment in adults with… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
82 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Quality of life · newly diagnosed, transplant‐ineligible adults with symptomatic multiple myeloma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple drug combinations of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and thalidomide for first‐line treatment in adults with… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Structural outcome ‐ retinal detachment · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes structural outcome ‐ retinal detachment compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.21, 5.13]
3 studies · 272 participants
Very low